林福興 李輝 林毅雄 袁芳 林藝芬 林河通
摘 要 為減輕荔枝果肉熱風干制期間的褐變,研究荔枝果肉的燙漂和護色工藝。通過L9(34)正交試驗設計,研究燙漂溫度、燙漂時間和冷卻方式對荔枝果肉多酚氧化酶(PPO)的鈍化效果,比較不同濃度配比護色液對荔枝果肉干制品色澤和感官品質的影響。結果表明:當燙漂溫度為100 ℃,燙漂時間為3 min,室溫冷卻時燙漂效果最好;當復配護色劑的濃度配比為0.10%抗壞血酸+0.20%檸檬酸+0.10%植酸+0.30% CaCl2時,荔枝果肉干制品的色澤和感官品質最佳。
關鍵詞 荔枝;果肉;干制;預處理工藝;熱燙;護色
中圖分類號 TS255.3 文獻標識碼 A
Pre-treated Technologies of Blanching and
Color-protecting for Dried Litchi Pulp
LIN Fuxing1,3, LI Hui1,2, LIN Yixiong1,3, YUAN Fang1,3, LIN Yifen1,3 *, LIN Hetong1,3 *
1 College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
2 School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, China
3 Institute of Postharvest Technology of Agricultural Products, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
Abstract In order to reduce the browning reaction of litchi pulp during hot air drying, the pre-treated technologies of blanching and color-protecting for dried litchi pulp were studied. The L9(34)orthogonal experimental design was carried out to investigate the effects of blanching temperature, blanching time and cooling method on polyphenol oxidase(PPO)inactivation of litchi pulp, and compare effects of different concentrations of complex color protectors on color and sensory evaluation of dried litchi pulp. The results showed that the blanching temperature 100 ℃, blanching time 3 min and then cooling at room temperature were the optimum blanching condition of litchi pulp. In addition, the application of the complex color protector consisting of 0.10% ascorbic acid, 0.20% citric acid, 0.10% phytic acid and 0.30% CaCl2 for litchi pulp showed the best color and sensory quality of dried litchi pulp.
Key words Litchi(Litchi chinensis Sonn.); Pulp; Drying; Pre-treated technology; Blanching; Color-protecting
doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2015.01.028
荔枝(Litchi chinensis Sonn.)為無患子科荔枝屬,是中國南方的一種著名特色水果。中國是世界荔枝的原產國和最大生產國[1]。由于荔枝果實營養豐富、色澤鮮艷、果肉質嫩多汁、風味甜美,被譽為“果中之王”,在國際市場上有很高的盛譽。但荔枝的收獲季節為盛夏高溫季節,采后不耐保鮮及貯運。通常情況下,未經處理的荔枝在2~5 ℃低溫下也只能貯藏約20 d[2],這嚴重制約了荔枝的長途運輸和銷售。因此,荔枝除鮮食外,常被加工成荔枝干、荔枝汁、荔枝罐頭、速凍荔枝、荔枝酒、荔枝果脯、荔枝蜜餞等[3]。其中,荔枝干是荔枝主要的加工產品,約占全部荔枝加工產品的80%以上。
但是,荔枝果肉干制過程中存在褐變嚴重、色澤差、產品質量不穩定等問題,不僅嚴重影響產品的外觀和品質,而且會縮短貨架壽命、降低商品價值。前人研究發現,燙漂和護色處理可減輕荔枝干制過程中果皮的褐變[4-6]。……