付暉 付廣 許先升
摘 要 在GIS技術支持下,運用景觀生態學的原理和方法,選取斑塊類型水平、景觀水平的指數和廊道密度指數對海口市城區綠地的空間結構進行了研究和分析。結果表明研究區綠地景觀結構不夠合理,附屬綠地面積和數量比重最高,缺乏公共綠地和廊道綠地;綠地景觀類型較豐富,但空間布局不均衡,綠地斑塊破碎度高,綠地廊道密度指數低,造成綠地系統結構失調,不能形成完整的綠色空間網絡。針對海口城區綠地景觀空間結構存在的問題,提出了優化建議。
關鍵詞 城市綠地;空間結構;RS;GIS;海口市
中圖分類號 Q149 文獻標識碼 A
Spatial Structure of Urban Greenbelt Landscape in
Haikou City Based on RS and GIS
FU Hui1,2, FU Guang2, XU Xiansheng1 *
1 College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture of Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 5702228, China
2 College of Applied Science and Technology of Hainan University, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China
Abstract With the help of GIS technology, patch class, landscape indices and greenbelt corridor density index were selected to analyze the spatial structure of urban greenbelt landscape in Haikou city, based on the principles and methods of landscape ecology. Results show that the structure of green space landscape in study area is not reasonable, the appertain greenbelt occupy utterly predominance, public green space and corridor green space are obviously insufficient; the distribution of greenbelt was uneven, fragmentation was higher, greenbelt corridor density index was low, leading to the imbalance of green space system structure, and can't form intact green space network. Some proposals for the optimization are offered aiming at these problems of the spatial structure of urban greenbelt landscape in Haikou city.
Key words Urban greenbelt; Spatial structure; RS; GIS; Haikou
doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2015.01.034
城市綠地是城市系統中能夠執行“吐故納新”負反饋調節機制的一種特殊生態系統[1],對于改善城市生態環境和維持城市生態平衡具有不可替代的作用。同時能夠為城市居民提供良好的生活環境、游憩的場所,促進人與自然的和諧共生。
從景觀生態學的角度,每一個綠地可被視為具有一定結構和功能的相對獨立的斑塊,不同大小、不同形狀的綠地斑塊的空間分布即可構成綠地景觀格局,城市諸多因素長期作用形成現在的城市綠地景觀格局,不同的景觀格局發揮的作用差別很大[2]。
在快速城市化進程中,城市用地供應緊張,城市綠地面臨被蠶食的危險,城市中可供綠化的空間越來越少,如何在有限的空間內合理規劃布局城市的綠地系統,優化城市綠地的空間結構和布局,顯得尤為重要。……