海南儋州耕地土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)空間變異

曾迪　漆智平　黃海杰　魏志遠(yuǎn)　王登峰　高樂　劉磊

摘 要 以海南省儋州市作為研究區(qū)域，綜合運(yùn)用地統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)和地理信息技術(shù)，對其耕地土壤的有機(jī)質(zhì)空間變異進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果表明：儋州耕地土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)平均含量為20.64 g/kg，總體水平為中等偏上；變異系數(shù)為48.05%，屬于中等變異；其空間變異變程約為16.50 km，C0/（C0+C1）值為37.34%，土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量屬于中等程度的空間相關(guān)性；Kriging插值分析結(jié)果可反映土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量在空間分布上呈大塊狀分布，有較強(qiáng)的連續(xù)性，其分布變異不顯著，以3級含量水平分布范圍最廣；北部最高，其余區(qū)域（南部、東部、中部、西部）逐漸降低。這種空間分布可能與當(dāng)?shù)氐牡乇硇螒B(tài)、地質(zhì)狀況及土地經(jīng)營利用方式等有關(guān)。

關(guān)鍵詞 儋州耕地；土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)；空間變異

中圖分類號 Q938.13 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼 A

Spatial Variability of Soil Organic Matter

Content in Danzhou City， Hainan Province

ZENG Di1， QI Zhiping2， HUANG Haijie2， WEI Zhiyuan2，

WANG Dengfeng2， GAO Le4， LIU Lei3*

1 College of Applied Science and Technology， Hainan University， Danzhou， Hainan 571737， China

2 Tropic Crops Genetic Resources Institute， Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences， Danzhou， Hainan 571737， China

3 Environment and Plant Protection Institute， Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences， Haikou， Hainan 571101， China

4 Rubber Research Institute， Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences， Danzhou， Hainan 571737， China

Abstract Understanding the spatial variation and distribution pattern of soil organic matter（SOM）content is needed for sustainable development in the region. The spatial variation of SOM content in Danzhou was determined using geostatistics and geographic information system（GIS）to provide information for preventing soil degradation. 2597 soil samples（0-20 cm）were collected from the study area. The geostatistical characteristics， spatial trend and range of SOM content were analyzed using the Geostatistical Analyst， ArcGIS 9.0. For all soil samples， the mean of SOM content were 20.64 g/kg， The distribution of SOM content was from the mid to upper level in Danzhou. Statistical analysis showed differences in SOM content among different stratum， landform and land-use type. The average coefficient of variation（CV）of SOM content was 48.05%. The spatial correlation distance（range）was 16.50 km， and the proportion of the semi-variogram model was 37.34%， showed a middle semi-variogram value. The Kriging spatial interpolation showed that SOM decreased gradually from the north to the south， east， west and west in the area. The three levels band of SOM content were distributed in the most widely field. The spatial distribution of SOM content was probably related to variation in stratum， land form and land-use type in Danzhou.

Key words The arable land of Danzhou；Soil organic matter；Spatial variability

doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2015.01.033

土壤環(huán)境是人類賴以生存和發(fā)展最根本的時(shí)空連續(xù)體， 具有高度的空間異質(zhì)性。20世紀(jì)70年代后期，人們開始進(jìn)行土壤空間變異性的相關(guān)研究[1]，已有土壤學(xué)家率先對土壤物理性質(zhì)空間變異性規(guī)律進(jìn)行了大量研究[2-3]。1951年南非地質(zhì)學(xué)家Krige提出地統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的概念，隨后法國學(xué)者M(jìn)atheron將其完善并發(fā)展形成理論[4]， 隨后美國科學(xué)家將該方法應(yīng)用于土壤調(diào)查、 制圖及土壤變異性等研究[5-7]， 這一方法不僅能有效揭示屬性變量在空間上的分布、 變異和相關(guān)特征，而且可以有效地將空間格局與生態(tài)過程聯(lián)系，進(jìn)而解釋空間格局對生態(tài)過程與功能的影響。目前， 將地統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)與空間內(nèi)插技術(shù)和地理信息系統(tǒng)（GIS）技術(shù)結(jié)合應(yīng)用于不同區(qū)域土壤養(yǎng)分空間變異性的研究正逐步得到深入[8-11]。……