張中潤 王金輝 Americo Uaciquete 梁李宏
摘 要 在田間自然發生條件下,研究莫桑比克9個高產優良腰果品系對葉果回枯病的抗病性。結果表明:腰果品系4.1AD葉片高感,果實感病;腰果品系5.12PA葉片和果實均為感病;腰果品系CCS27和CM8均為葉片感病,果實中抗;腰果品系A103葉片中抗,果實高抗;腰果品系H1葉片高抗,果實中抗;腰果品系7.10PA、19.5AD和C5.59葉片和果實均為高抗。在參試腰果品系中,未發現葉片免疫品系,也未發現果實高感或免疫品系。
關鍵詞 腰果;葉果回枯病;抗性;發病率;病情指數
中圖分類號 S664.9 文獻標識碼 A
Survey for the Resistance of Different Cashew
Clones to Leaf and Nut Blight in Mozambique
ZHANG Zhongrun1, WANG Jinhui1, AMERICO Uaciquete2,LIANG Lihong1
1 Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/
Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization,
Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China
2 Agriculture Research Institute of Mozambique, Northeast Zonal Center, Nampula, Mozambique
Abstract The resistance of 9 cashew clones to leaf and nut blight were evaluated in the study under field conditions in Mozambique. The results showed that, clone 4.1AD was highly susceptible on leaf and susceptible on fruit. Clone 5.12PA was susceptible on both leaf and fruit. Both of the clones CCS27 and CM8 were susceptible on leaf and resistant on fruit. Clones A103 was resistant on leaf and highly resistant on fruit. In contrast, clones H1 was highly resistant on leaf and resistant on fruit. Clones 7.10PA, 19.5AD and C5.59 were highly resistant on leaf and fruit. No immune clone on leaf or highly susceptible and immune clone on fruit was observed in the study.
Key words Cashew;Leaf and nut blight;Resistance;Diseases incidence;Damage index
doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2015.01.027
莫桑比克是世界腰果(Anacardium occidentale Linnaeus)主產國之一,有超過100萬農戶從事腰果生產,從事腰果產業工作的雇傭工人超過6 000人,每年創匯超過2 000萬美元,是莫桑比克主要出口創匯農產品和解決農村勞動力就業的重要產業[1]。
腰果葉果回枯病(Cryptosporiopsis spp.)是非洲東部腰果種植區新發現的腰果病害,也是莫桑比克、坦桑尼亞等國較為重要的腰果病害之一,2006年坦桑尼亞Naliendele農業研究所首次報道該病害,并確定該病的病原屬于擬隱孢殼屬(Cryptosporiopsis),但未鑒定出具體病原種類[2-3]。該病主要危害成熟的腰果葉片,受害嚴重時葉片完全枯萎脫落,同時也危害新生的腰果果實,受害的新生果實無法發育,很快變黑脫落,可使腰果減產高達48.4%[4]。
目前,腰果葉果回枯病主要以化學防治為主,由于成齡腰果樹植株高大,施藥困難,且由此導致的農藥殘留、農藥污染以及抗藥性等問題,限制了其在腰果園的應用前景[5]。隨著人們對健康食品的需求越來越高,減少化學藥劑的使用,推廣種質抗性腰果品系越來越受到人們重視[6]。……