食品添加劑對葉菜類蔬菜上海青中毒死蜱的去除效果

陳峰　胡進鋒　王俊　吳瑋　王長方

摘 要 以葉菜類蔬菜上海青為試材，應用氣相色譜法（GC）測定β-環糊精、碳酸氫鈉和活性碳等3種食品添加劑對上海青中毒死蜱殘留的去除效果。結果表明：食品添加劑種類、處理時間、處理濃度和毒死蜱濃度對毒死蜱的去除效果均存在極顯著影響，同時添加劑種類與處理時間、添加劑種類、處理濃度及添加劑種類與毒死蜱濃度也存在極顯著互作效應；在處理濃度為0.5 g/L，處理時間為30 min時，β-環糊精、碳酸氫鈉和活性碳等3種食品添加劑均對毒死蜱的去除效果最好；毒死蜱殘留量為7.90 mg/kg時，β-環糊精的去除效果最好，達68.47%；在毒死蜱殘留量為17.72、35.37 mg/kg時，活性碳的去除效果均最好，分別達78.87%和69.55%。

關鍵詞 食品添加劑；葉菜類蔬菜；上海青；毒死蜱；農藥殘留；去除效果

中圖分類號 S436.36 文獻標識碼 A

The Remove of Chlorpyrifos Residues from Leaf

Vegetables Brassica campestris by Three Food Additives

CHEN Feng， HU Jinfeng， WANG Jun， WU Wei， WANG Changfang*

Institute of Plant Protection， Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Fuzhou， Fujian 350013， China

Abstract Three additives， β-cyclodextrin， activated carbon， sodium bicarbonate， were used to remove chlorpyrifos residues detected by gas chramatograghy（GC）on Brassica campestris L.ssp.Chinensis（L.）Makino. The removal rates were greatly affected by food additives category and concentrations， treatment time and chlorpyrifos concentrations. The effect of the interaction among food additives category and concentrations， treatment time and chlorpyrifos concentrations was significant. The best removal rate of the three food additives was achieved when the concentration was 0.5 g/L and the treatment was 30 min. When the concentration of chlorpyrifos was 7.90 mg/kg， the effect for β-cyclodextrin was better than the other additives and the removal rate reached 68.47%. When the concentration of chlorpyrifos was 17.72 mg/kg and 35.37 mg/kg， the effect for activated carbon was better than the other additives and the removal rate reached 78.87% and 69.55%， respectively.

Key words Food additives；Leaf vegetable；Brassica campestris；Chlorpyrifos；Pesticide residues；Removal

doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2015.01.026

毒死蜱是一種高效、廣譜的有機磷殺蟲劑，也是目前全世界生產和銷售量最大的殺蟲劑品種之一。中國將毒死蜱列為甲胺磷等5種高毒農藥的取代藥劑品種之一，該藥對害蟲有觸殺、胃毒和熏蒸作用，是防治水稻、果樹、蔬菜等多種作物地上和地下害蟲的理想殺蟲劑[1-3]。但其毒性也不容忽視，毒死蜱能引起人體膽堿酯酶的抑制，蓄積于神經系統后導致惡心、頭暈，甚至神志不清，高濃度暴露可造成呼吸麻痹和死亡[3]，其對人的精液DNA也有損傷[4]。近年來，由于毒死蜱不合理使用，中毒事件和殘留超標問題時有發生，如2006年福建龍巖新羅區西陂鎮圊田塘村發生的空心菜毒死蜱中毒事件；……