木薯種質對朱砂葉螨的抗性評價

李遷　盧芙萍　陳青　盧輝　徐雪蓮　經福林　李開綿　葉劍秋

摘 要 在建立切實可行的木薯抗螨性評級標準的基礎上，對國家木薯種質資源圃227份核心木薯種質進行抗朱砂葉螨的抗性評價，并探討抗、感性穩定的8份木薯種質對朱砂葉螨生長發育與繁殖的影響。結果表明：227份被評價的核心木薯種質中對朱砂葉螨高抗的種質2份，抗性種質4份，中抗種質116份，感性種質87份，高感種質18份；抗性木薯種質對朱砂葉螨的發育與繁殖具有顯著的影響，取食高抗種質C1115和緬甸種葉片后朱砂葉螨雌雄成螨均不能存活，與取食高感種質ZM9066、CM1210-10、瑞士F21和BRA900相比，取食抗性種質哥倫比亞4D和PII167后，朱砂葉螨的發育歷期顯著延長，平均每雌螨產卵量顯著減少，后代卵的孵化率顯著降低，雌、雄成螨壽命均顯著縮短。本研究結果為深入開展木薯抗螨性機理、抗螨種質的挖掘及其利用研究提供了理論基礎。

關鍵詞 木薯種質；朱砂葉螨；抗螨性；鑒定；評價

中圖分類號 S533 文獻標識碼 A

Evaluation of Cassava Germplasms for Resistance to Spider

Mite Tetranychus cinnabarinus（Acari： Tetranychidae）

LI Qian1，2*，LU Fuping2*，CHEN Qing2**，LU Hui2，

XU Xuelian2，JING Fulin2，LI Kaimian3，YE Jianqiu3

1 Collgege of Environment and Plant Protection， Hainan University， Haikou， Hainan 570228， China

2 Environment and Plant Protection Institute， China Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Laboratory of

Pests Comprehensive Governance for Tropical Crops， Ministry of Agriculture， /Hainan Key Laboratory for

Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests/Hainan Engineering Research Center for

Biological Control of Tropical Crops Diseases and Insect Pests， Haikou， Hainan 571101， China

3 Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute， CATAS， Danzhou， Hainan 571737， China

Abstract Tetranychus cinnabarinus（Boisduval）is one of the most important cassava pest mites. For a long time， the control of the mite was mainly depended on chemical acaricide. However， the question of environmental pollution and “3R” has also become more and more serious. The planting of resistance variety to mite is the most effective and direct way to control the spider mite. In the study， on the basis of establishing a feasible cassava mite resistance rating standard， we evaluated the resistance of 227 cassava germplasms to T. cinnabarinus and investigated the influence of 8 resistant and susceptible germplasms to the development and reproduction of T. cinnabarinus. The results showed that： The proposed resistance classification of the 227 cassava germplasms was 2 high resistance（HR）， 4 resistant（R）， 116 moderately resistant（MR）， 87 susceptible（S）and 18 highly susceptible（HS）； The resistance and susceptible cassava germplasms had significant effect on the development and reproduction of T. cinnabarinus. The mites could not survive on the resistance cassava germplasms of C1115 and Myanmar. In compared with the mites on susceptible cassava germplasms（ZM9066， CM1210-10， SwissF21 and BRA900）， the developmental duration significantly prolonged（larva， protonymph and deutonymph prolonged 15 h， 40 h and 40 h， respectively）， the eggs production（decreased 9-22 eggs per female）and the hatchability（decreased 35%-73%）decreased significantly， and the female and male adults lifespan shortened significantly on resistance germplasms（shorten 4-16 d）. It suggested that the resistance cassava germplasms inhibited the development and reproduction of T. cinnabarinus. The results laid a theoretical foundation for further study on the resistance mechanism of cassava germplasms to spider mites as well as the mining and innovative use of resistance cassava germplasms to spider mites.

Key words Cassava germplasms； Tetranychus cinnabarinus（Boisduval）；Resistance to spider mites；Identification； Evaluation

doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2015.01.024

木薯是全球年產億噸以上的七大作物之一，是許多熱帶、亞熱帶國家日常食品的主要熱量來源，亦是能源作物，在熱帶地區是農民重要的經濟收入來源[1-2]。木薯害蟲、害螨嚴重影響木薯產業的發展，由于中國對木薯害蟲、害螨防控技術的研究起步較晚，研究力量薄弱，無法應對木薯產業的快速發展[2-3]。

朱砂葉螨（Tetranychus cinnabarinus），又名紅蜘蛛，是中國木薯生產中最重要的害螨，主要以口針刺吸植物汁液危害，造成木薯葉片褪綠黃化、枝條干枯，嚴重時整株死亡。……