低溫促進巴西橡膠樹排膠的生理基礎

史敏晶　程成　田維敏

摘 要 低溫導致橡膠樹的排膠時間過度延長（長流），影響到天然橡膠的高產穩產。目前對低溫誘發長流的機制還不清楚。以排膠特性不同的橡膠樹無性系RY8-79和PR107為實驗材料，對冬季低溫條件下膠乳的幾個主要排膠生理參數進行了研究。結果表明：低溫明顯降低RY8-79 和PR107膠乳黃色體的破裂指數和堵塞指數；明顯升高硫醇以及過氧化氫的含量；膠乳排膠初速度和膠乳的pH值在2個品系中變化不明顯。由此可見低溫條件下膠乳中硫醇含量升高是促進橡膠樹排膠時間延長的主要原因之一。該結果為深入闡明乳管堵塞機制和研發新型的排膠調節劑提供了參考依據。

關鍵詞 巴西橡膠樹；低溫；硫醇；黃色體破裂指數；生理參數

中圖分類號 S794.1 文獻標識碼 A

Physiological Basis of Prolongation of the Duration of Latex Flow

Caused by Low Temperature in Rubber Tree

（Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg.）

SHI Minjing，CHENG Cheng，TIAN Weimin*

Rubber Research Institute，CATAS / Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree，Ministry of Agriculture /

State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops，Danzhou，Hainan 571737，China

Abstract The excessive prolongation of the duration of latex flow caused by low temperature is unfavourable for sustainable development of natural rubber production. To elucidate the mechanism for low temperature-caused prolongation of the duration of latex flow，changes in several physiological parameters of latex from rubber tree clones，Reyan8-79 and PR107，were analyzed. The results showed that，under natural lower temperature conditions，the lutoid bursting index and plugging index of laticifer descended obviously，the initial velocity of latex flow and pH value of latex remained stable whereas the level of mercaptan and H2O2 rised dramatically for either rubber tree clone RY8-79 or PR107. The changed parameters were also clone characteristic. It is concluded that elevation of the mercaptan content in latex was a key factor with close relationship with cold-caused prolongation of the duration of latex flow.

Key words Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg.； Low temperature； Mercaptan； Hutoid bursting index； Physiological parameters

doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2015.01.015

橡膠樹原產巴西亞馬遜河流域，是典型的熱帶雨林樹種。南北緯10°的區域能滿足橡膠樹喜高溫高濕的特性，是橡膠樹的傳統種植區[1]。中國植膠區分布于北緯18°～24°的熱帶北緣地區，屬于非傳統植膠區，冬季低溫寒害是影響中國天然橡膠生產的主要因素之一[2-5]。因此，橡膠樹對低溫脅迫的反應機制是在高緯度地區發展天然橡膠生產面臨的一個重大理論問題。人們早就從水分代謝[6-8]和物質代謝方面[9-10]對橡膠樹寒害的原因展開了研究。另外，寒害對橡膠樹細胞及其生物膜超微結構[11-13]以及葉片的脂質過氧化、生物膜的保護酶系統[5，14-17]的影響也有相關報道。近年來，人們開始從分子水平研究橡膠樹的抗寒機制[18-20]。……