胡椒園間作檳榔對胡椒光合效應和產量的影響

祖超　楊建峰　李志剛　王燦　魚歡　鄔華松

摘 要 為揭示檳榔胡椒間作體系中胡椒間作產量優勢的光合機理，2009～2012年在海南胡椒與檳榔間作優勢區，研究4種間作和單作條件下，胡椒不同生育期完全展開葉的光合有效輻射、凈光合速率、氣孔導度、蒸騰速率和胞間二氧化碳濃度等光合參數以及葉面積和葉綠素的含量。結果表明：胡椒與檳榔間作明顯提高胡椒產量，偏土地當量比（PLER-M）高于其所占面積比例的134%～189%，表現出明顯的間作產量優勢。分析胡椒光合參數與產量相關關系，發現胡椒灌漿期光合參數與產量顯著或極顯著正相關，其中氣孔導度對產量的正效應最大，以氣孔導度為解釋變量與因變量產量做回歸分析，發現灌漿期對產量的貢獻率達52%。胡椒與低密度檳榔間作提高或顯著提高了胡椒灌漿期葉片光合作用，增強二氧化碳的固定，這可能是胡椒產量間作優勢的主要來源。

關鍵詞 間作；胡椒；產量；偏土地當量比；光合參數

中圖分類號 S344.2 文獻標識碼 A

Effects of Intercropping on Black Pepper Photosynthesis and

Yield in the Black Pepper/Arecanut Intercropping System

ZU Chao1，2，3， YANG Jianfeng1，2，3， LI Zhigang1，2，3， WANG Can1，2，3

YU Huan1，2，3， WU Huasong1，2，3 *

1 Institute of Spice and Beverage， Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Science， Wanning， Hainan 571533， China

2 Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops， Ministry of Agricuhure， Wanning，

Hainan 571533， China

3 Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical spice and Beverage Crops，

Wanning， Hainan 571533， China

Abstract In order to reveal the photosynthetic mechanism of black pepper yield advantage in intercropping system， experiments with 5 treatments in pepper and arecanut intercropping advantage region of Hainan Province from 2009 to 2012 was conducted. Photosynthesis parameters such as photosynthetic active radiation， net photosynthetic rate， stomatal conductance and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration of pepper fully expanded leaves at different stages were determined. Leaf area and chlorophyll content were also measured. The results showed that the yield of black pepper increased in black pepper/arecanut intercropping system. Partial land equivalent ratio（PLER-M）was 134%-189% higher than its total area. It showed significantly yield advantages. There was significant or very significant correlations between photosynthesis parameters and yield of black pepper. The stomatal conductance had the highest positive effect on the yield. Using stomatal conductance as the explanatory variable and yield as the dependent variable， 52% yield variation could be explained. Pepper intercropping with low density arecanut increased the pepper leaf photosynthesis and improved carbon dioxide fixation in the filling stage， which could be the main reason of intercropping yield advantage of pepper.

Key words Intercropping； Black pepper； Yield； Partial land equivalent ratio； Photosynthesis parameters

doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2015.01.004

胡椒起源于印度西高止山脈熱帶雨林區[1]，自然條件下胡椒與經濟林木復合生長，胡椒光補償點100 lx，光飽和范圍2.5×104～5×104 lx[2]，是喜陰植物[3]，而胡椒主要植區海南省3～12月的光照強度均高于5×104 lx[4]，所以，胡椒與經濟林木復合栽培是當前海南省胡椒栽培的主要發展模式，其中檳榔間作胡椒的栽培模式2008年之前只有零星分布，目前已發展至2 667 hm2，占海南省胡椒復合種植總面積近1/2[5]，但目前尚沒有研究間作體系對胡椒光合效應和產量影響的相關報道。……