3個甘蔗與斑茅遠緣雜交后代BC1的染色體遺傳分析

黃永吉　符成　林煒樂　劉少謀　高嘉慧　鄧祖湖　黃忠興　林彥銓　陳如凱

摘 要 對3個甘蔗與斑茅遠緣雜交后代BC1進行真實性鑒定及染色體核型分析，以探討甘蔗與斑茅BC1的染色體傳遞方式。利用2對鑒定斑茅真實雜交后代的特異引物對3個甘蔗與斑茅BC1進行鑒定，采用根尖分生區細胞去壁低滲涂片法制片，顯微拍照計數染色體數目，并進行染色體核型分析。3個BC1材料均為斑茅的真實雜交后代，崖城01-69體細胞染色體核型公式為2n=121=120 m+1 sm，其染色體按2n+n方式傳遞；崖城01-116的體細胞染色體核型公式為2n=122=118 m+4 sm，其染色體傳遞方式為2n+n；崖城01-134的體細胞染色體核型公式為2n=121=120 m+1 sm，其染色體傳遞為2n+n。推斷甘蔗與斑茅BC1的染色體以2n+n的方式傳遞。

關鍵詞 甘蔗；斑茅；核型分析；染色體傳遞方式

中圖分類號 S334.3 文獻標識碼 A

Genetic Analysis of Chromosome in 3 BC1 Clones from

the Distant Crossing Between Saccharum spp.

and Erianthus arundinaceus

HUANG Yongji1， FU Cheng2 *， LIN Weile1， LIU Shaomou2， GAO Jiahui1

DENG Zuhu1 **， HUANG Zhongxing2， LIN Yanquan1， CHEN Rukai1

1 Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding， Ministry of Agriculture， Fuzhou， Fujian 350002， China

2 Guangzhou Research Institute for Sugarcane Industry， Guangzhou， Guangdong 510316， China

Abstract To explore the chromosome transmission， the karyotypes of 3 BC1 clones from the distant crossing between Saccharum spp. and Erianthus arundinaceus were analyzed. 3 BC1 clones were identified using 2 pairs of specific primers of true E. arundinaceus progenies. Chromosomes were prepared according to cell wall degradation hypotonic smear method， the chromosomes number of 3 BC1 clones was calculated and the karyotypes of 3 BC1 clones were analyzed. 3 BC1 clones were true progenies of E. arundinaceus. The somatic chromosome karyotypic type of YC01-69 was 2n=121=120 m+1 sm， following 2n+n transmission； The somatic chromosome karyotypic type of YC01-116 was 2n=122=118 m+4 sm， following 2n+n transmission； The somatic chromosome karyotypic type of YC01-134 was 2n=121=120 m+1 sm， following 2n+n transmission. The 2n+n transmission of BC1 clones from Saccharum spp. and E. arundinaceus can be resumed.

Key words Sugarcane； Erianthus arundinaceus； Karyotype analysis； Chromosome transmission

doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2015.01.010

甘蔗是中國乃至世界最重要的糖料作物和具有較好發展前景的糖能兼用的可再生生物能源作物[1]，全球蔗糖產量約占食糖總產量的75%[2]。現代甘蔗栽培品種（Saccharum spp. L.）主要來源于幾個熱帶種也被稱為高貴種（Saccharum officinarum）和不多的野生種割手密（Saccharum spontaneum）的雜交后代，導致其遺傳基礎相對狹窄[3-4]，制約了甘蔗產量的進一步提高。

蔗茅屬、芒屬、硬穗茅屬和河八王屬等甘蔗近緣屬野生種是拓寬甘蔗遺傳基礎的重要種質資源[5]，世界各國甘蔗育種者陸續在這些種質資源的收集、保存和利用等方面開展了大量的工作。其中，斑茅（Erianthus arundinaceus）屬于蔗茅屬植物[6]，因其具有高生物量、生勢旺盛、分蘗力強、宿根性好和耐澇、耐瘠、抗旱、抗病蟲能力強等優勢[7-12]，備受甘蔗育種者親睞。……