許澤康 武華周 朱國鵬 徐詩濤 金有亮 陳秋波
摘 要 設計7種不同的栽培基質配方,通過測定鳥巢蕨葉片的可溶性糖、淀粉、可溶性蛋白、葉綠素及光合特性指標,以篩選適宜鳥巢蕨生長的配方。結果表明:不同基質對鳥巢蕨碳水化合物、可溶性蛋白、葉綠素含量及光合特性指標存在顯著性差異;根據主成分分析結果顯示,以純椰糠作為基質最適宜鳥巢蕨的生長,該基質適合在海南鳥巢蕨的大規模生產中進行推廣應用。
關鍵詞 鳥巢蕨;基質;生長;生理指標
中圖分類號 Q914.85 文獻標識碼 A
Effects of Different Media on the Growth and Leaf
Physiological Characteristics of Asplenium nidus
XU Zekang1,2,4, WU Huazhou1,5, ZHU Guopeng2,3,
XU Shitao4,5*, JIN Youliang4,5, CHEN Qiubo1
1 Institute of Tropical Crop Germplasm Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical
Agricultural Science, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China
2 Trpical Crop Germplasm Conservation and Utilization, Laboratory of Ministry of Education,
Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
3 College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
4 Applied Sci-tech College, Hainan University, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China
5 Haikou Diwang Flora Company, Haikou, Hainan 570208, China
Abstract Asplenium nidus is an important foliage plant with high food value. Filtering appropriate culture medium is important for scale production. The determination of leaf soluble sugar, starch, soluble protein, chlorophyll and photosynthesis index was used to select the suitable culture medium for the growth of Asplenium nidus. It was found the effects of different culture medium on carbohydrates, soluble protein, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic characteristics were significantly different. Principal component analysis indicated that coconut chaff, peat soil and volcanic rock and were a more suitable culture medium. The optimization of the matrix formula could provide references for A. nidus in mass production in Hainan Province.
Key words Asplenium nidus;Culture medium;Growth;Physiological index
doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2015.01.008
鳥巢蕨[Neottopteris nidus(L.)J. Sm.]又稱巢蕨、王冠蕨、山蘇,是鐵角蕨科巢蕨屬的多年生草本植物[1],附生在巖石或陰濕的樹干上[2],主要分布在熱帶、亞熱帶的熱帶雨林中,為大型附生植物,在海南、臺灣、云南和廣西等地均有分布[3]。鳥巢蕨不僅是優良的園林景觀植物、室內盆栽植物,還是主要的插花葉材,市場需求量較大[4]。已有研究結果表明,鳥巢蕨具有較高的藥用價值,可在跌打損傷、骨折、血瘀、頭痛、陽痿等方面起作用[5];并且在臺灣已從野菜佳肴逐步發展成規模化的栽培種植[6],徐詩濤等[5]對海南島鳥巢蕨營養成分進行分析,結果發現其具有較高的食用開發價值。但因鳥巢蕨具有較高的經濟價值,海南島野生鳥巢蕨遭到一定程度的破壞,致使野生資源瀕臨滅絕。
人工種植成為解決這一問題的主要途徑。鳥巢蕨既可利用孢子進行繁殖[7],也可進行分株繁殖[8],且組織培養技術也已成熟[9]。但關于鳥巢蕨栽培技術的研究較少,鳥巢蕨適宜生長在疏松、富有有機質的土壤中。……