普通油茶無性系岑軟3號嫁接親和性研究

葉航　溫如斯　王東雪　江澤鵬　周招娣

摘 要 以普通油茶本砧嫁接為對照，研究博白大果油茶、廣寧紅花油茶、香花油茶、陸川油茶與普通油茶優良無性系岑軟3號苗期的嫁接親和性。結果表明：香花油茶作為砧木嫁接岑軟3號的成活率及存活率分別達到了91.67%和98.55%，抽梢以及嫁接苗的生長與以普通油茶作為砧木均沒有顯著性差異，參試的4個物種中香花油茶與岑軟3號的嫁接親和力最好；其次是陸川油茶，嫁接成活率和存活率分別達到了93.67%和95.00%，但嫁接苗生長1年后葉片N、P、K含量顯著低于對照；廣寧紅花油茶在嫁接過程中表現出了一定的不親和性，嫁接成活率僅為72.00%，且后期生長受到抑制；而博白大果油茶嫁接成活1 a后的存活率僅為24.49%，生長受阻，嫁接后期表現出了明顯的不親和性。

關鍵詞 普通油茶；岑軟3號；嫁接；親和性

中圖分類號 S794.4 文獻標識碼 A

Graft Compatibility of Camellia oleifera Cenruan 3 Clone

YE Hang1，2，3， WEN Rusi1，2，3， WANG Dongxue1，2，3， JIANG Zepeng1，2，3， ZHOU Zhaodi1，2，3

1 Guangxi Forestry Research Institute（GFRI），Nanning， Guangxi 530002， China

2 Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Nonwood Forest Cultivation&Utilization， Nanning， Guangxi 530002， China

3 Improved Variety and Cultivation Engineering Research Center of Oil-tea Camellia in Guangxi， Nanning， Guangxi 530002， China

Abatract Selected Camellia oleifera as control root stock（CK）， grafting compatibility was studied on C. oleifera Cenruan 3 superior clone scion by using C. gigantocarpa， C. semiserrata， C. osmantha， C. vietnamensis as root stocks in the seedling stage. The results showed that： the graft survival and preservation rate was 91.67% and 98.55% respectively with C. osmantha was used as root stock there were all no significant differences in sprout and growth of grafted seedling， The best grafting compatibility of these four root stocks with C. oleifera Cenruan 3 was C. osmantha； Flowlled by C. vietnamensis， of which the graft survival and preservation rate was 93.67% and 95.00% respectively， but its leaf N， P， K content were significantly lower than the control after growing one year； C. semiserrata showed some incompatibility in the grafting process， of which graft survival rate was just 72.00% and latter growth was inhibited； While the graft preservation rate of C. gigantocarpa was just 24.49% after growing one year and the latter growth was also inhibited， which showed obvious incompatibility.

Key words Camellia oleifera； Cenruan 3 clone； Graft； Compatibility

doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2015.01.006

油茶泛指山茶屬（Camellia spp.）植物中種子含油率較高且有一定栽培經營面積的樹種[1]，原產和主栽于中國，為世界4大木本油料植物之一，其主要產品茶油中的不飽和脂肪酸含量高達90%，被譽為“東方橄欖油”，是被聯合國糧農組織重點推廣的健康型食用油[2-3]。

21世紀以來，中國油脂油料進口量迅速增長，食用植物油的自給率已由21世紀初的60%下降到目前的37%左右[4]，油茶生產已直接關系到國家的糧油安全[5]，為此，國務院提出“發展油茶產業，維護糧油安全”戰略。隨著近年來油茶新造林的推進，生產中出現造林成活率低、早期生長慢等問題，而選育適宜的優良砧木是解決此類問題的最有效途徑之一，但國內鮮見有關普通油茶（C. oleifera）砧木的選育報道，生產中大范圍使用的普通油茶嫁接苗均是使用本砧進行嫁接。……