穗留果量對枝梢二次短截修剪后枇杷品質與產量的影響

許奇志　鄧朝軍　許秀淡　蔣際謀　鄭少泉

摘 要 在‘早鐘6號枇杷二次短截修剪提高結果母枝質量、果實品質及效益的研究基礎上，進一步探討不同穗留果量對果實品質、產量及效益的影響。結果表明：穗留果3個與穗留果4個、5個相比，可顯著增加單果重、提高特級果比例和商品率；穗留果5個的可食率極顯著高于穗留果4個的處理，而3個穗留果處理的果皮色澤、果形指數、可溶性固形物含量、果肉厚度差異不顯著；3個處理間的果穗重、株產和單位面積產量差異顯著，且隨著穗留果量的增加有增大趨勢，但單位面積產值差異不顯著。認為穗留果3個較適宜，可提高優質果比率和商品率，實現豐產、穩產、高效種植目的。

關鍵詞 早鐘6號枇杷；二次短截修剪；留果量；品質；效益

中圖分類號 S667.3 文獻標識碼 A

Influence of Reserved Fruit Amount on Loquat Fruit

Quality and Yield by Twice Cutting Back Pruning

XU Qizhi， DENG Chaojun， XU Xiudan， JIANG Jimou*， ZHENG Shaoquan*

1 Fruit Research Institute of FAAS， Fuzhou， Fujian 350013， China

2 Fujian Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center for Longan and Loquat， Fuzhou， Fujian 350013， China

Abstract Based on the improvement of loquat fruiting cane and fruit quality by twice cutting back pruning， the impacts of different reserved fruit amount on fruit quality and yield were explored. The results showed that three fruits left could significantly increase single fruit weight，extra grade quality fruit rate and commodity fruit rate compared with four fruits and five fruits left. The edible rate of five fruits left was significantly higher than that of four fruits left， but the difference of pericarp color，fruit shape index，soluble solids content and fruit flesh thickness were not reached difference among the three treatments. The difference of fruit cluster weight，single plant yield and unit yield was significant among the three treatments，but no significant difference in per unit output. In the end，three fruits left was suggested based on the increase of grade quality fruit rate and commodity fruit rate.

Key words Zaozhong 6 loquat； Twice cutting back pruning； Fruits left； Quality； Benefit

doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2015.01.005

枇杷的花量大，在自然條件下一般每穗坐果6～15個，過量結果導致果實品質差、商品價值低，且易造成大小年結果。疏花疏果是枇杷生產中提高果實品質的重要措施之一[1-4]，梨[5]、蘋果[6-8]、龍眼[9-10]、葡萄[11-12]等樹種的研究結果也表明，留果量影響果實品質。本試驗擬在早鐘6號枇杷結果母枝二次短截修剪、實現優質高效栽培目的[13]研究基礎上，進一步探討二次短截修剪后穗留果量與果實的品質、產量和效益的關系，確定適宜穗留果量，為進一步完善早鐘6號枇杷結果母枝二次短截修剪技術，實現高產、優質、高效栽培提供科學依據。

1 材料與方法

1.1 材料

試驗于2010～2012年在福州市連江縣琯頭鎮枇杷豐產園內進行，品種為‘早鐘6號，本砧嫁接苗，11～13年生，樹勢中庸，平均樹高2.3 m，冠幅4.4 m×4.5 m，干周54.7 cm；……