李濤 李芹 王樹明 李春 趙東興 張勇 高梅
摘 要 以云南河口不同林齡人工橡膠林作為研究對象,對抗逆高產和膠木兼優橡膠林土壤CO2濃度及相關影響因素進行2 a的動態觀測。結果表明:(1)從季節變化來看,土壤CO2濃度具有明顯的季節性變化特征,每年春季開始上升,夏秋季最高,冬季最低;(2)從垂直土壤深度來看,土壤CO2濃度隨著土壤深度的遞增而升高,在0~100 cm土壤范圍內,表現為100 cm>80 cm>60 cm>40 cm>20 cm;(3)土壤CO2濃度與溫度、水分和土壤有機質之間存在著顯著或非顯著正相關關系,表明溫度、水分、有機質等是影響土壤CO2濃度變化的主要因素。
關鍵詞 橡膠林;土壤CO2濃度;溫度;含水量;有機質
中圖分類號 S718.5 文獻標識碼 A
The Variation and Influence Factors of Soil CO2
Concentration in Planted Hevea brasiliensis
with Different Ages in Hekou,Yunnan
LI Tao,LI Qin*,WANG Shuming,LI Chun
ZHAO Dongxing,ZHNAG Yong,GAO Mei
Honghe Institute of Tropical Agriculture,Hekou,Yunnan 661300,China
Abstract Planted Hevea brasiliensis with different ages with high latex yield and stress tolerance, and also with quality timber in Hekou,Yunnan was used to monitor soil CO2 concentration and related influencing factors for two years. The results showed:(1)The soil CO2 concentration changed obviously with season passed. It rose from spring, reached the highest in summer and autumn, and declined to the lowest in winter;(2)In the vertical soil profile, the soil CO2 concentration of the two studied sites rose with soil depth increased, and showed as 100 cm >80 cm>60 cm>40 cm>20 cm within 0-100 cm limits;(3)There was a positive correlation or a nonsignificant correlation between the soil CO2 concentration with temperature,moisture content and soil organic matter. The major factors which influenced the soil CO2 concentration were the temperature, moisture content, soil organic matter and so on.
Key words Rubber plantation; Soil CO2 concentration; Temperature; Moisture content; Organic matter
doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2015.01.002
土壤系統中的CO2主要來源于植物根系呼吸及土壤有機質的氧化分解[1-2],土壤CO2一部分參與到土壤化學反應或者擴散到土壤水中[3],另一部分經由土壤呼吸作用排放到大氣中,已有研究結果表明,土壤呼吸是土壤碳庫和大氣碳庫之間碳流通的主要方式之一[4],據估計全球土壤CO2排放量在68~100 pg/a之間[5-6],是整個生物圈的主要碳源之一。碳循環在全球生態系統中至關重要,許多發達國家及政府部門都加大了對人工林碳吸收、碳儲存途徑的研究力度。中國大面積種植巴西橡膠樹已有50多年的歷史,目前天然橡膠種植面積已達114萬hm2,年產量達86.5多萬t,種植面積和產膠量均居世界43個產膠國家的第四位,已經建立起較為完善的天然橡膠產業體系。橡膠林也是南方熱作墾區重要的人工生態林之一[7],具有森林型生態系統的特點,進行著大量物質、能量循環和轉移,是實現熱區資源可持續利用的一個重要人工生態系統[8]。橡膠樹除生產橡膠……