智牙冠周炎及其局部治療研究進展
蕭雅一 綜述雍苓牟雁東 審校
(四川醫科大學,四川 瀘州 646000)
【摘要】智牙冠周炎是口腔頜面部常見的感染性疾病。多為急性起病或慢性炎癥急性發作。根據致病微生物的毒力強弱,患者自身抵抗力的不同,分為早期局部不適,后期張口受限及全身感染。早期可僅采用藥物局部治療,中后期常需要結合口服或靜脈給藥以消除炎癥。目前,在局部用藥領域已有許多研究,但醫務工作者們仍在尋求更有效,口感更舒適的藥物。
【關鍵詞】智牙冠周炎; 局部治療
【中圖分類號】R 782.3+【文獻標志碼】A
通訊作者:牟雁東,教授,13890896668
收稿日期:( 2015-01-19; 編輯: 張文秀)
Research progress of pericorontitis of the wisdom tooth and local treatmentXIAO YayireviewingYONG Ling,MU Yandongchecking
(SichuanMedicalUniversity,Luzhou646000,Sichuan)
Abstract【】Pericoronitis of the wisdom tooth is one of the common infection in oral and maxillofacial region, multi onset was acute or chronic inflammation of acute attack. According to the virulence of pathogenic microorganisms, the patient’s own resistance of different, divided into early local discomfort later, limitation of mouth opening and systemic infection. Early may only use local drug treatment, in the late often requires a combination of oral or intravenous administration in order to eliminate inflammation. At present, there have been many research on the local administration of medical workers, but still looking for more effective drug, taste more comfortable.
【Key words】Pericoronitis; Local treatment

人類種系的進化過程中,伴隨食物種類結構的變化,咀嚼肌力降低,咀嚼器官發生退化,造成頜骨長度與牙列所需長度的不協調,現行頜骨長度不能完全容納全部牙列。智牙是牙列中最后萌出的牙,因為萌出位置不足,可能導致不同程度的阻生。智牙阻生,常常伴隨冠周炎的產生。智牙冠周炎是指智牙(第三磨牙)萌出不全或阻生時,牙冠周圍軟組織發生的炎癥[1]。臨床上以下頜智牙冠周炎多見,且起病急,容易反復發作,影響患者的正常生活和工作。
1致病因素
1.1阻生智牙及智牙萌出過程中,齦瓣可部分或全部覆蓋牙冠,齦瓣與牙冠之間形成較深的盲袋,食物殘渣及細菌累積嵌塞于盲袋內。
1.2咀嚼食物時,對頜牙刺激或咬傷齦瓣,形成潰瘍或傷口。
1.3當全身抵抗力下降,如感冒,疲勞,妊娠等,局部細菌毒力增強時可以引起冠周炎急性發作。……