On Chinese Dish Names Translation from the Perspective of Cultural Differences

遲鈺麗

1、Introduction

As an essential prerequisite for existence， whether in ancient times or in modern times， and whether in the East or in the West， food plays an indispensable role in the development of society， and in the progress of human beings. Chinese cuisine culture plays a highly significant role in Chinese culture. It can be easily found that many collections of Chinese cook books on bookshelves， but seldom can we research books on Chinese food which is written in English. According to cultural translation theory， the aim of this thesis is to explore a systematic method of English translation for Chinese dish names from the cultural perspective.

2、Cultural Differences between Chinese and Western Dish

2.1 Differences in food materials

Chinese people have a wide interest in eating， so they use more kinds of raw materials in cooking compared with Westerners. There is a saying that things in the air except plane， things in the water except submarines and things with four legs except benches are all Chinese peoples food. This saying is not totally the reality but not far away from the truth （Du， 2006： 96）. In the aspect of eating， Westerners lack the spirit of exploration. They treat every food they do not know cautiously. It was said that when tomatoes were first transferred from Arab to the West， no one dared to eat them. Westerners have a narrow range of food. Westerners seldom eat pork， and they never eat rare organs， which can be made into delicious food in China.

2.2 Differences in dietary patterns

In the western countries， westerners may enjoy the dinner elegantly with food on their own plates. They would like to dine at elegant environment. There is a downy piano， peaceful light and good-mannered waiters. Therefore， they arent allowed to make too much noise so that diners had better put down their knives and forks scrupulously and not talk loudly. Meanwhile， speaking with mouth full is also inappropriately（Chen， 1999： 134）.

While in China， people like to have dinner among a lot of people， such as their family members or closely friends and their colleagues. That exactly reflects that they prefer to have a jolly time. During Chinese dining， there are a lot of items to entertain diners.

3、Strategies for Translating Chinese Dish Names

3.1 Naming with major ingredients

a. Introduce the main ingredient and secondary ingredient

Formula： main ingredient （name/shape） and with and secondary ingredient， such as杏仁雞丁 Beef with Bean Curd；白靈菇扣鴨掌 Mushrooms with Duck Feet.

b. Introduce the main ingredient and sauce

Formula： main ingredient and with/in and sauce， such as冰梅涼瓜 Bitter Melon in Plum Sauce； 芥末鴨掌 Duck Webs with Mustard Sauce.

3.2 Naming with cooking methods

a. Introduce the cooking method and main ingredient

Formula： cooking method and main ingredient， such as火爆腰花 Sautéed Pigs Kidney；軟炸里脊 Soft-fried Pork Fillet.

b. Introduce the cooking method and main ingredient and secondary ingredient

Formula： cooking method and main ingredient and secondary ingredient ，such as地瓜燒肉 Braised Chicken Fillet with Tender Ginger.

3.3 Naming with the shape or taste

a. Introduce the shape （taste）， main ingredient and secondary ingredient

Formula： shape （taste） and main ingredient and （with） secondary ingredient， such as 芝麻酥雞 Sliced Chicken with Seasonal Vegetables ； 脆皮雞 Crispy Chicken.

b. Introduce the cooking method， taste， and main ingredient

Formula： taste and cooking method and main ingredient ， such as香煎雞塊 Fragrant Fried Chicken； 水煮嫩魚 Tender Stewed Fish.

3.4 Naming with people s name or place name

a. Introduce the dishs founder and main ingredient

Formula： peoples name and main ingredient， such as麻婆豆腐 Ma Po Tofu （Ma Po Bean curd） ；廣東點心 Cantonese Dim Sum.

b. Introduce the dishs founder， cooking method and main ingredient

Formula： peoples name and cooking method and main ingredient ； 東坡煨肘 Dong Po Stewed Pork Joint ； 北京烤鴨 Beijing Roast Duck.

4、Conclusion

With the progress of globalization， Chinese cultures and Western cultures are reconciling gradually. Now lots of western foods such as， hamburger and sandwich have entered into Chinese markets. These two cultures are improving in the process of conflicting. In conclusion， the aim of research into dish names translation can be achieved by enhancing bilingual competence and intercultural communication awareness， by enriching the knowledge of translation theories and skills， and by being familiar with the dietetic cultural differences between China and the west.

References

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[2] Bender， David. An Oxford Dictionary of Food and Nutrition [M]. England： Oxford University Press， 2009.

[3] 陳丕錝.漢英餐飲詞典[M].上海：上海譯文出版社，1995.

[4] 陳嘉.餐旅業(yè)英漢名詞組撰編[J].北京：華聯(lián)出版社，1999.

[5] 杜莉，孫俊秀.西方飲食文化[M].北京：中國輕工業(yè)出版社，2006.