李平秀
中圖分類號:G633.41 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1002-7661(2014)14-0064-02
一、理念
在實施英語課程標準理念的高中語法課中,我們要積極倡導使用發現式語法教學,因為發現式語法教學有利于激勵學生思考,促進學生的思維,發展自主學習能力。在教師的引導下,學生“在做中學”,自己去發現、歸納,總結語法規律。這樣的自主學習過程不僅能使學生更有效地理解和記憶語法知識、加深對語法形式和意義的印象、夯實基礎,還能激勵和發展他們的思維使其養成通過思考進行觀察、自我發現的學習習慣,從而受益終生。
二、課題
主題:主語和謂語動詞的一致(Agreement Between Subject and verb)。
課文:人教版《高中英語》模塊4第1單元Women of achievement。
教學目標:“主謂一致”語法學習中,引導學生既要發現、歸納、總結該語法規律,又要在不同語境中理解、體驗、領悟“主謂一致”的表意功能。在本課結束時,學生要能夠初步運用所學習和掌握的“主謂一致”進行自如表達。
三、教學步驟
Step 1 導入(通過復習課文,引入本單元要學習的語法):
1.通過提問,呈現含有“主謂一致”的例句。如:A:Everybody sits and waits in the shade of trees.
B:Our group are all going to visit them in the forest .
2.根據所呈現的課文例句引出本單元所要學習的語法項目:“Agreement Between Subject and verb”。
Step 2 體驗并發現:
1.讓學生分組討論并發現下述“主謂一致”的規律:
問題1:I am seventeen. /She is sixteen. /There is a desk in the room. /There are no chairs in it.
2.引導學生觀察討論后則發現:主語要和謂語動詞保持人稱和數的一致。
問題2: My brother and I have both seen the film. /Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China.
經過討論發現:兩個名詞由and連接作主語時,謂語動詞一般用復數。
說明:
(1)當and不表示并列意義,連接兩個在意義上表示同一人、物或概念或由兩個部件配成的物品時,謂語動詞用單數。如:
The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting./One more knife and fork is needed.
(2)兩個并列的名詞有each,every,many a等修飾語時,謂語動詞一般用單數。如:Each doctor and (each)nurse was given a new shirt./No sound and no voice is heard. /Many a boy and(many a)girl has made the same mistake.
問題3:My family is a large one./The family are sitting at the breakfast table.
經過討論則發現:集體名詞group,class,family,army,enemy等作主語時,如果強調整體,謂語動詞用單數形式;如果強調個體,謂語動詞用復數形式。
問題4:Is anybody going to tell him the news?/Everything is ready.
經過討論則發現:不定代詞anyone,anybody,anything,everyone,everybody,everything,someone,somebody,something,no one,nobody,nothing,the other等作主語時,謂語動詞用單數。
問題5:None of them has(have)arrived yet./None of this money is mine./Neither statement was true.
經過討論則發現:代詞none和neither有時作單數看待,有時作復數看待,主要根據說話人的意思決定。但是代表不可數名詞時,只看作單數;neither作形容詞時與單數名詞連用,謂語動詞用單數。
問題6:Either you or Jane is to be sent to New Zealand./Not only his family but(also)he likes Chaplin.
經過討論則發現:當用作主語的兩個名詞或代詞由or,either…or,neither…nor或not only…but also連接時,謂語動詞通常與近鄰的名詞或代詞保持一致。
問題7:There is a lamp,two pens and six books on the desk./Here are some envelopes and paper for you.
經過討論則發現:由there或here引導的句子,主語不止一個名詞時,謂語動詞通常與鄰近的名詞或代詞保持一致。
問題8:The teacher with two students was at the meeting./The girl as well as the boys has learned to drive a car.
經過討論則發現:當主語后面接說明主語的修飾語,如:with, along with, together with, like, rather than, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等時,謂語動詞不受修飾成分的影響,仍保持同主語一致的關系。
問題9:Sixty years is a long time./Ten dollars is enough for him.
經過討論則發現:表示時間、金錢、距離、重量等復數名詞,在表示單位數量用作主語時,通常被看作整體,謂語動詞用單數。
Step 3 鞏固練習:
讓學生做page5 Exercise 2 以達到初步的掌握,再讓學生做page5 Exercise 3 進一步理解領悟“主謂一致”的表意功能。
(責任編輯 劉 馨)endprint