淺析系動詞

鄭冬娥

【摘 要】系詞be以及與實意動詞同形的系動詞，如get，turn，go，seem，become等，系詞be用的較廣泛，在文章句型中出現頻率較高，有一般用法，口語用法，虛擬用法，本文著重列舉be的用法。

【關鍵詞】頻率 一般 口語 虛擬

Be 動詞

1一般用法

① to be good at singing 擅長于唱歌（轉化為實意動詞）

to be good for， to be ready to， to be keen on， to be sure of等。

② to be nice 挺好的 （是， 為判斷用法）

后接形容詞，名詞，介詞短語。

系詞形式有三種，一般式為am ， is ，are. 過去式為was， were.

原形為be。隨著主語人稱和數的變化而在變化。系動詞的形式很特別。

其它感，變，系動詞就兩種形式，第三人稱單數，和原形動詞。

系詞be可直接作助動詞，構成疑問式和否定式。

He is from a city.Is he from a city？ No， he isnt.

He is not from a city.

I am， you are ， he was ， you were.

It will be fine tomorrow.

2特殊用法

（1）作助動詞構成進行時， 將來時。

He is reading a novel.正在做

I am going to work as a secretary.打算做

He is about to leave here. 計劃做

（2）系動詞可以做助動詞轉化句子的句型，可構成被動語態。

The book is printed now.

（3）下面句子為虛擬語氣

It is important that you （should） work hard.

It is necessary that you （should） work hard.

（4）強調句型

I think you are right. It is I that think you are right.

I often help her do homework. It is her that I often help

do homework.

（5）用在助動詞之后

Tomorrow the weather will be fine。

（6）There be句型

There is a big tree in front of your house.

（7）口語

Here it is. Here is your key.

（8）問候語

How are you.

（9）祈使句.

Please be quiet

（10）What is he？他做什么工作？（含蓄的用法，直譯錯）

在句子里，練習be系動詞和主語人稱，數的搭配，結合代詞格的學習，以及名詞單復數的概念，可謂事倍功倍。

其它用法

1）表類比

What is this？ This is a ruler. What is that？ That is a picture.

these， those 用法同，

2）在人們初次認識時，首先想了解對方的姓名，年齡，職業，家庭住址，家庭成員等以下用法， 用系動詞表達精辟明了。

例（1）What is your name？ Where are you form？ How old are you？

How many people are there in your family？ 生活常用語

（2）Today is Friday. Who is on duty today？ Dont be late next time. He is a hardworking student.The bell is ringing. How are you getting along with your studies？ My study is going well. 學生用語實踐

（3）Where there is a will，there is a way. It is no use crying over the spilt milk.

（諺）

常用系動詞是基礎英語的搖籃。

略談其它系詞

The bread smells sour. The water fells cold. The weather gets colder. The color looks fine. The production becomes big. The crop grows well.The song sounds sweet.半系動詞的用法。表達生動。

學習系詞，和學習其它動詞密不可分，但和別的動詞又有區別，它做為入門階段內容的一部分，只要多分析，多總結，多練習就能全面掌握它的內容。學習時由易到難，由一般到特殊。英語中用的頻率較高的內容還有定冠詞the

，還有介詞，介詞短語的用法。學習語言表達靠邏輯分析，不需死記硬背；學習詞匯，靠的是語音的反射。學習語言規則，要腳踏實地，要學的準，學習語言片斷，需靈活觀察。學習搭配很關鍵，短語是拓展用法，特殊句型需留心語言環境。中專英語一冊內容注重生活情節，故淺析，不同深度的內容，用不同模式解析，理解。

Practice

①am a nurse. He is a manager. She is a secretary. It is a building.

You are a lawer.

②We are children. They are kids. You are schoolboys. These are new magazines. Those are some flowers.

③My dictionary is lended. Is this yours？ No，that is his.

Our classroom is very big， there are many students in it.

④The woman is her mother. Your teachers are in our school.

⑤Who is your home room teacher？ My parents are over forty.

以上句子，所做速度快慢檢查熟練程度。