摘 要:佛手瓜種植是福建省尤溪縣傳統的特色農業,尤其是尤溪縣八字橋鄉種植的綠皮佛手瓜,是營養價值較為全面的蔬菜,具有較長的種植歷史,與其它佛手瓜相比具有早熟、高產、穩產、種植效益高等優點,被中國綠色食品發展中心認定為 “綠色食品、A級產品”,產品銷往全國十幾個大中城市,深受廣大消費者的青睞,其在福建的中高海拔山區推廣種植前景廣闊。該文闡述了佛手瓜植物學性狀,詳細介紹了高產栽培技術與措施。
關鍵詞:佛手瓜;高產栽培技術;防寒抗凍措施
中圖分類號 S642.9 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 1007-7731(2013)14-57-02
The Cultivation technique of Chayote
Huang Jianwei
(The Development and Reform Bureau of Youxi County,Youxi 365100,China)
Abstract:It is an traditional farming industry to plant chayote in Youxi County,Fujian Province. The chayote with green skin,planted by caret-shaped bridge village in Youxi County,has high nutritional value and a long history of cultivation. Comparing with other chayotes,it has advantages of early maturity,high yield and high plant effiency,recognized as “the organic foods,the A level product”by the China Organic Foods Development Center. In the favor of consumer,the product is sold to several big or media-sized cities. The prospects to develop chayote is broad at high elevation mountainous area in Fujian Province. This paper described the botanical characters and cultivation technical of chayote.
Key words:Chayote;Cultivation technical;Cold prevention
1 佛手瓜植物學性狀
1.1 根 佛手瓜的根系最初是弦狀須根,白色,隨著植株的生長,須根逐漸加粗伸長,形成半木質化的側根,上生不規則的副側根,側根長而粗,在一般土壤中,1年生的側根長2m以上,2年生的側根可長達4m以上。根系的分布范圍廣,吸收水肥能力強而耐旱。栽種2a后能產生類似山藥的塊根,但條件不適合則不易形成塊根。
1.2 莖 佛手瓜的莖長而分枝性強,一般主蔓長達10m以上,幾乎每節都有分枝,分枝上又有2~5級側枝,蔓略呈圓形,色綠,有不明顯的縱棱。莖節上卷須很大,與葉相對而生,到一定節位后著生雌雄花和雌花。
1.3 葉 葉片互生,呈掌狀五角形,而中央一角特別尖長,綠色至濃綠色。葉面較粗糙,略有光澤,葉背的葉脈上被有茸毛。
1.4 花 雌雄同株異花,兩者一般同節腑生,雄花為總狀花序,花序軸長8~18cm,著生約10朵雄花。雌花單生,亦有著生2~3朵者。……