談?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)的副詞在句中的位置

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在中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中，要提高學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)水平，必須要從英語(yǔ)詞語(yǔ)的掌握和理解開(kāi)始，特別是英語(yǔ)詞語(yǔ)的位置和運(yùn)用是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)。

英語(yǔ)的副詞在英語(yǔ)句子中的運(yùn)用比其他詞語(yǔ)的運(yùn)用廣泛并具有一定的特殊性，它不可隨意放置，應(yīng)遵循一定的規(guī)律。下面筆者就談?wù)動(dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)的副詞在句中的位置。

一、疑問(wèn)副詞

疑問(wèn)副詞是疑問(wèn)句中用來(lái)提問(wèn)的副詞，如when， where， why， what， how等。疑問(wèn)副詞可以用來(lái)表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方式等，放在句子的開(kāi)頭。例如：

Where did her brother get the information？

Why dont you help your friends with their lessons？

How do you like this book？

When will you have a meeting？

二、關(guān)系副詞和連接副詞

關(guān)系副詞和連接副詞放在所連接的從句開(kāi)頭。例如：

I finished my homework， then I went out for a walk.

He must be quick， otherwise he will be late.

I should like to know when the new term will begin.

That is the place where he was born.

三、一般副詞

一般副詞的位置大體有五種情況：

1.修飾形容詞、副詞時(shí)，一般放在被修飾詞之前。例如：

She speaks English quiet fluently.

副詞enough 總是放在被修飾的形容詞或副詞之后。例如：

One can never be careful enough.

2.副詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，放在被修飾的名詞之后。例如：

I like the atmosphere here.

但是quite位于名詞的前面。例如：

Their English teacher is quite a character.

3.副詞修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí)，一般有三種位置：

（1）程度副詞（如 almost， nearly， rather， fairly等）和頻率副詞（如always， never， often， seldom等）常位于所修飾詞之前。例如：

The boy nearly fell into the river.

The children are seldom ill.

Nothing ever surprised me more than this attitude of hers.

但是如果有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，就要放在這些動(dòng)詞和主要?jiǎng)釉~之間。例如：

Mary is always late for the meeting.

We must always remember our friends.

I have never been to London.

Post-codes are now being introduced by the post office and will soon cover the whole country.

My father can seldom find time for reading newspaper.

（2）時(shí)間副詞和地點(diǎn)副詞常位于所修飾詞之后。例如：

It was hot yesterday.

They went upstairs.

但有的副詞前后都可放置，意義不變。例如：

In that restaurant， meals are served very quickly.

He quickly opened the door and ran out.

有的副詞，如sometime， often， soon， perhaps等，可以置于句首、句中或句尾，意思沒(méi)有什么區(qū)別。例如：

Sometimes she comes late.

She sometimes comes late.

She comes late sometimes.

有些表示強(qiáng)度的副詞（如only），可以放在句子的任何位置，但因強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分不同，句子的意思也大相徑庭。例如：

Only he has been there two or three times.（只有他曾經(jīng)去過(guò)那兒兩三次。）

He has only been three two or three times.（他只是曾經(jīng)去過(guò)那兒兩三次。）

He has been there only two or three times.（他去過(guò)那兒只有兩三次。）

第一句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“只有他”；第二句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“只是曾經(jīng)去過(guò)”；第三句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“只有兩三次”。

至于very much在近代英語(yǔ)中，有把它直接放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前面的趨勢(shì)。例如：

Mary very much looks forward to hearing from a friend of hers who has just been out of the Seaside Sanatorium.

（3）有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，一些表示時(shí)間的副詞如nowadays， yesterday， tonight， today和一些修飾整個(gè)句子的副詞放在句。例如：

Tomorrow we are going to have a test in english.

4.表示地方和方向的副詞一般放在句子的末尾。例如：

Jane put the coat there.

They went off.

Third-year students of our school are all here.

5.表示看法（觀點(diǎn)）、意志的副詞通常置于句首。例如：

Fortunately， he succeeded in the examination.

Intentionally， he didnt write to his parents about anything unexpected occurred recently.

但在下列情況下，應(yīng)注意副詞的搭配及位置：

（1）修飾狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，副詞總是放在從句之前。例如：

We arrived home just as it began to rain.

（2）當(dāng)幾個(gè)副詞擁在一起時(shí)，通常的順序是：地點(diǎn)副詞—時(shí)間副詞—方式副詞—目的副詞或地點(diǎn)副詞—方式副詞—時(shí)間副詞—目的副詞。例如：

He went to Beijing the day before yesterday by air to have a meeting.

They went to the park just now on foot.

The little boys played outdoors happily yesterday.

因此，在英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中，教師一定要讓學(xué)生掌握副詞在句子中的位置和運(yùn)用。學(xué)生只有掌握了副詞的位置，才能夠運(yùn)用自如，從而提高英語(yǔ)水平。