余雷,資文杰
(1.重慶市九龍坡區第一人民醫院內科,重慶 400000;2.第三軍醫大學新橋醫院,重慶 404100)
高敏C-反應蛋白(hs-CRP)可用于評估慢性輕度炎癥。研究表明,hs-CRP是健康人群中獨立預測心肌梗塞、卒中、外周動脈病變和心源性猝死的指標,也是已知冠心病患者未來心血管病發病和死亡的預測指標[1,6]。哮喘是涉及多種炎癥細胞相互作用、許多介質和細胞因子參與的一種慢性氣道炎癥疾病,其中參與炎癥的細胞因子如白細胞介素1(IL-1)、白細胞介素6(IL-6)等和核因子能調節hs-CRP的水平[6,7]。研究表明,哮喘患者的hs-CRP水平顯著高于健康對照組的水平,非控制哮喘患兒血清中hs-CRP水平顯著高于哮喘控制的和健康的兒童[9]。成年人hs-CRP水平與哮喘的存在和嚴重程度呈正相關[10-14],但 hs-CRP水平在非控制和受控的哮喘患者之間的比較研究尚不多。本研究的目的旨在評估hs-CRP水平與哮喘控制測試(ACT)評分之間的關系。
45例哮喘患者為2007年1月至2010年9月在本院住院的患者。其中,男性36例,女性9例;年齡52.2歲(19~72歲);輕度哮喘19例,中度哮喘26例。45例對照者為同期健康體檢者,其中,男性29例,女性16例;年齡49.5歲(22~71歲)。兩組間性別構成及年齡差異均無統計學意義(P=0.15,0.69)。哮喘的診斷和嚴重程度的評估根據GINA指南[14]。所有對象都進行了病史采集、體檢、哮喘評估、呼吸功能測試(RFT)、ACT評分和血清hs-CRP水平測量。
1.2.1 血清hs-CRP的測定
采清晨空腹靜脈血3ml,室溫靜置30min后分離血清。采用日立7600全自動生化分析儀,免疫比濁法測定hs-CRP。hs-CRP試劑為英國朗道公司產品。
1.2.2 RFT的檢測
采用ZJ15AS-7肺功能檢查儀,記錄用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼氣容積(FEV1)及呼氣峰流速(PEF)。
1.2.3 ACT評分
[15,16],回憶過去4周內與哮喘病癥相關情況,回答5個問題,每個問題有5個選項,分別對應1、2、3、4、5分。各得分相加即為 ACT評分,可用于準確評估哮喘控制情況。
用SPSS 16軟件進行統計,數據以中位數(最小值-最大值)表示。兩個獨立群體之間的差異分析用Mann-Whitney U檢驗,相關性分析采用Spearman秩相關檢驗。P<0.05為差異有統計學意義。
哮喘患者的 hs-CRP、FEV1%、PEF、PEF%顯著高于對照者(表1)。
輕度和中等哮喘患者的血清hs-CRP水平分別為0.70(0.15~5.6)和2.19(0.35~10.1),中度哮喘組的血清hs-CRP水平顯著高于輕度哮喘的hs-CRP水平(P=0.03)。hs-CRP水平與哮喘的嚴重程度之間呈顯著正相關(R=0.32,P=0.03)。然而,hs-CRP 與 FEV1(R =-0.13,P =0.56)、FEV1%(R=0.03,P=0.94)、PEF(R=0.16,P=0.45)、PEF%(R=-0.12,P=0.92)無相關性。
哮喘患者的ACT評分為17.5(7~25)。依據ACT評分將哮喘患者分為兩組,其中,ACT評分≥20者15例,ACT評分<20者30例。ACT評分<20組的 HS-CRP水平為2.19(0.31~10.4),顯著高于 ACT≥20組的0.5(0.15~3.28)(P=0.01)。Hs-CRP水平與 ACT 評分(R=-0.81,P<0.001)呈現顯著負相關。

表1 哮喘患者和對照者的hs-CRP及RFT結果比較研究
Hs-CRP水平與哮喘的嚴重程度的關系已被眾多研究證明[21-22]。我們的研究顯示hs-CRP和哮喘的嚴重程度呈正相關,hs-CRP水平和ACT評分之間呈負相關,但在hs-CRP水平與RFT的參數之間沒有相關性。hs-CRP水平與哮喘的嚴重程度之間的關系表明hs-CRP是一個促炎癥因子。不同的炎性細胞因子如IL-1、IL-6、白細胞介素8(IL-8)和白細胞介素8(IL-18)可被hs-CRP激活,從而進一步加重哮喘炎癥。最近的一項研究證明在嚴重的哮喘組和無任何呼吸道癥狀的對照組之間hs-CRP水平差異有統計學意義[26]。我們的研究表明中度哮喘患者的hs-CRP水平明顯高于輕度哮喘患者的hs-CRP水平。但我們沒能發現哮喘患者的hs-CRP水平與RFT參數之間有顯著關系,這與以往的報道一致[21,27,28],提示hs-CRP不宜作為評估和預測 RFT的相關指標。
哮喘癥狀是哮喘控制的必需因素,因此評估炎癥和哮喘癥狀之間的關系就顯得很重要。研究發現,CRP水平增加與呼吸系統癥狀如喘息、氣急和夜間咳嗽之間有顯著關系[31,32]。哮喘患者和非哮喘患者的系統炎癥標志物水平均較健康者的系統炎癥標志物水平高,且在哮喘患者中顯著增高[34]。這些研究表明,哮喘癥狀和炎癥之間有明確的相關關系,大部分的研究表明未控制哮喘的炎癥較控制哮喘的炎癥重[25]。治療哮喘的主要目標是有效控制急性發作癥狀并維持最輕的癥狀,甚至無任何癥狀。評價哮喘的嚴重程度和控制有許多種方法,如哮喘控制測試 (ACT)[16]和哮喘控制問卷的形式(ACQF)[35]。哮喘控制確定后,可以進行治療。我們的研究采用ACT評分,發現哮喘患者血清hs-CRP水平與ACT評分之間呈負相關。hs-CRP水平在未控制哮喘與控制哮喘者間差異有統計學意義。
綜上,本研究表明,hs-CRP水平與哮喘的嚴重程度和ACT評分相關,hs-CRP可以作為一個反映哮喘的嚴重程度和哮喘控制的敏感指標。
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