院士風采

李蔭遠

1919.0 6.20～

物理學家。四川成都人。1943年畢業于西南聯合大學。1951年獲美國伊利諾州立大學物理學博士學位。中國科學院物理研究所研究員。中國固體物理理論研究的開拓者之一。40年代中期利用合金有序化的普適仿化學近似方法首次得出面心立方合金Cu3Au 有序化的一次近似理論，并研究了合金和反鐵磁性的有序—無序相變的統計理論。50年代對過渡族元素氧化物的磁結構超交換作用等作了一系列研究。1964首次預見到非線性光學中相角不匹配的倍頻輻射喇曼效應。70年代以來對激光技術晶體作了比較研究，并對有關現象作出了理論解釋。

1980年當選為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Physicist. Born in Chengdu, Sichuan Province. Graduated from the Southwest Associated University in 1943. Received Ph. D. in physics from Illinois State University, USA in 1951. Research professor, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Li is one of the pioneers in the theoretical study of solid state physics in China. In the mid 1940s, by means of universal imitated chemical approach using alloy ordering, he presented for the first time the first ordered approximate ordering theory of the facecentered cubic alloy, Cu3Au, and studied the statistic theories of ordered-disordered transformation for alloys and antiferromagnets. In the 1950s, he carried out a series of studies on the magnetic structure super-exchange effect of the meta-element oxides. He was the first to predict phase angle an-mated octamonic radiation Rammon effect in nonlinear optics in 1964. In the 1970s, he launched the comparative investigations on the laser crystals and presented theoretic explanations to the corresponding phenomena.

He was elected Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1980.

肖健

1920.0 7.19～1984.02.20

實驗核物理學家。湖南長沙人。1944年畢業于西南聯合大學。1948年獲美國加州理工學院科學碩士學位。中國科學院高能物理研究所研究員。主要從事基本粒子物理實驗方面的研究并取得重要成果。早年對中性重介子和超子作了許多研究。負責籌建了北京、云南落雪山的中國早期的宇宙線觀測站并領導開展了宇宙線強度的觀測研究。負責了磁云室的設計與建造。負責研制了中國科學考察衛星用的第一臺宇宙線探測儀器并提出了相應的觀測研究課題。組織領導了云南高山站大云室系統的實際、建造和調試等工作。在宇宙線粒子物理方面獲多項成果。

1980年當選為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Experimental nuclear physicist. Born in Changsha, Hunan Province. Graduated from Southwest Associated University in 1944. Received MS from California Institute of Technology, USA in 1948. Research professor, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Xiao was mainly engaged in experimental investigations on the physics of basic particles and made plenty of important achievements. In his early research career, he carried out research on the neutral heavy meson and hyperon. He was in charge of the preparation and construction of China’s early observatories of cosmic ray in Beijing and Luoxueshan, Yunan and directed the observational studies of the intensity of cosmic ray. He led the design and construction of the magnetic cloud chamber and the development of the first cosmic ray prober for Chinese scientific expedition satellite and proposed the corresponding observation program. He organized and guided the design, construction and debugging work of the grand cloud chamber at Gaoshan Station, Yunan and made many achievements in cosmic particle physics.

He was elected Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1980.

吳式樞

1923.5.27 ～2009.02.27

理論物理學家。江西宜黃人。1944年畢業于同濟大學。1951年獲美國伊利諾州立大學物理學博士學位。吉林大學教授。主要從事原子核物理特別是和多體理論方面的研究與教學工作。50年代應用殼模型理論處理μ介子和光核效應，被稱為“吳模型”。建立和發展了格林函數方法和非線性積分方程理論以及推廣的組態混合法；利用格林函數方法系統地研究了零溫和有限溫的核性質、核結構與相對論多體問題，得到了有限溫與相對論等效相互作用的嚴格表達式。提出了相位介電測井新方法，解決了判斷油田水淹層的難題。

1980年當選為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Theoretical physicist. Born in Yihuang, Jiangxi Province. Graduated from Tongji University in 1944. Received Ph. D. from Illinois University, USA in 1951. Professor, Jilin University.

Wu is mainly engaged in the research and education of the theory of atomic nucleus, especially the nuclear multibody theory. In the 1950s, he applied the theory of shell model to the investigation of μ-meson and photo-nuclear effects, and the model was then acknowledged as “ Wu‘s model ”. He established and advanced the Green function method and theories of nonlinear integral equations along with the generalized group state hybrid method. By using Green function method, he systematically studied the nuclear characteristics, unclear structures under zero temperature and finite temperature, and the relative multi-body problems as well, which led to the strict expressions of finite temperature and the relative equivalent interaction. He proposed a new phase dielectric approach for oilwell measurement, which solved problems for determining the inundated layer in oil field.

He was elected Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1980.

何澤慧

1914.0 3.20～2011.06.20

核物理學家。女。原籍山西靈石，生于江蘇蘇州。1936年畢業于清華大學物理系。1940年在德國柏林高等工業大學獲工程博士學位。1945年至1948年在法國法蘭西學院工作，其間與著名核物理學家錢三強一起發現鈾核三分裂與四分裂現象，深化了人們對核裂變的認識。 1948年回國投身于創建中國原子能事業。中國科學院高能物理研究所研究員。幾十年她一直用“立足常規著眼新奇”八個字指導科研工作。根據我國國情，她大力提倡自力更生、因陋就簡地發展祖國科學事業，她呼吁重視科學工作者的素質培養；勉勵青年人要有創造性，要有新發現，要有嚴謹的科學作風。她把畢生精力獻給我國原子能事業。

1980年當選為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Nuclear physicist. Female. Born in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province. Graduated from the Department of Physics, Tsinghua University in 1936. Received Doctor of engineering from Berlin Advanced University of Technology. Research professor, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

He joined the Laboratory of Siemenz, Germany in 1940 and transferred to the Institute of Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg Imperial Academy of Germany in 1942. Then, she worked in France Institute, France from 1945 to 1948. During this period, she and Prof. Qian Sanqiang, a well known nuclear physicist, discovered the phenomenon of the tri- and quadri-partion of uranium, which furthered the understanding of nuclear fission. She returned to China in 1948 and dedicated herself to the foundation of China in 1948 and dedicated herself to the foundation of Chinese research cause of nuclear energy. From then on , she insisted on her academic rule of“ base on regularity and focus on unregularity”to direct research work. She promoted the development of Chinese science and technology with the principle of self-reliance and doing things simply and thriftily according to the Chinese condition. She addressed to pay great attention to the training of qualified scientific researchers and inspire young people to have creativity, to make new discovery and to hold a strict style of doing research. She is one of a few outstanding female scientists. She devoted her whole life to the Chinese nuclear energy undertaking. At the age of over 80, she still keeps doing her research on space physics and cosmic rays.

She was elected Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1980.