摘 要:數(shù)字信號處理器(DSP)在大量數(shù)據(jù)計算方面有明顯的速度優(yōu)勢,為了提高CT ART算法的圖像重建速度,提出基于定點DSP TMS320C6416的算法計算方案。該方案結合ART算法的原理,以及USB 2.0協(xié)議在數(shù)據(jù)傳輸和定點DSP在數(shù)據(jù)計算上的速度優(yōu)勢,通過CYPRESS的CY7C68001接口芯片,同時采用SDRAM作為數(shù)據(jù)緩存,進行DSP與PC機之間大量數(shù)據(jù)的正確高速傳輸;通過C語言編寫DSP片內算法計算程序并對其進行優(yōu)化,以降低圖像重建時間。最終實驗以Shepp_Logan頭部剖析圖為原始圖像,進行重建算法計算,實驗結果證實了方案的可行性。關鍵詞:DSP; CT圖像重建; ART算法; SDRAM
中圖分類號:TN915-34文獻標識碼:A
文章編號:1004-373X(2010)18-0017-04
Implementation of ART Algorithm Based on Fixed Point DSP
SUN Yi-gang, WANG Qing-yong, ZHANG Hong-ying
(Aeronautical Automation College, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China)
Abstract: DSP has high speed in the computation of mass data, a computation scheme based on fixed point DSP TMS320C6416 algorithm is proposed to increase the speed of ART image reconstruction in CT technology. This method based on the ART theory, and the merit in speed of the USB 2.0 in the data transmission and the fixed DSP in data processing. It takes the CYPRESS CY7C68001 as USB 2.0 interface chipset, the SDRAM as data buffer to make sure the high speed data communication between the DSP and the PC host; and runs and optimizes the ART algorithm with C language to reduce the time consumption in DSP computation. The experiment makes the Shepp_Logan model as the original image and performs the computation of reconstruction algorithm, and the result indicates that the method is feasible.Keywords: DSP; CT image reconstruction; ART algorithm; SDRAM
0 引 言
計算機層析成像技術(CT)已經廣泛應用在醫(yī)學及工業(yè)檢測領域。圖像重建是CT技術的關鍵內容,有兩類方法:解析算法和迭代算法。迭代算法中比較常用的是代數(shù)迭代算法(algebraic reconstruction technique,ART)。ART算法適合于不完全投影數(shù)據(jù)的圖像重建,抗噪聲干擾能力強,還可以結合一些先驗知識求解;但不足是計算量大,重建速度慢,已成為該算法應用發(fā)展的瓶頸[1]。若射線條數(shù)為I,ART收斂于最優(yōu)解約需(3~8)I次的迭代,在ART重建方法中,對于一幅n×n的圖像,取m個投影,每個方向的投影有n條射線,如果直接用ART方法重建,則系數(shù)矩陣的元素個數(shù)約為o(n4);對于一幅256×256或者更大的圖像,計算量巨大。目前對ART算法的研究主要是針對算法本身,還不能把算法直接固化到硬件中實現(xiàn),該算法在通用計算機上進行圖像重建時速度慢,耗費時間長[2-3]。
選用高性能的處理器能夠有效提高圖像重建的速度,目前DSP技術已經廣泛應用各種領域,如圖像處理[4-5],這主要是因為DSP技術適合應用于有大量的數(shù)據(jù),并且數(shù)據(jù)需要較為快速的數(shù)學計算場合[6]?!?br>