摘 要:數(shù)字信號(hào)處理器(DSP)在大量數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算方面有明顯的速度優(yōu)勢(shì),為了提高CT ART算法的圖像重建速度,提出基于定點(diǎn)DSP TMS320C6416的算法計(jì)算方案。該方案結(jié)合ART算法的原理,以及USB 2.0協(xié)議在數(shù)據(jù)傳輸和定點(diǎn)DSP在數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算上的速度優(yōu)勢(shì),通過(guò)CYPRESS的CY7C68001接口芯片,同時(shí)采用SDRAM作為數(shù)據(jù)緩存,進(jìn)行DSP與PC機(jī)之間大量數(shù)據(jù)的正確高速傳輸;通過(guò)C語(yǔ)言編寫DSP片內(nèi)算法計(jì)算程序并對(duì)其進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,以降低圖像重建時(shí)間。最終實(shí)驗(yàn)以Shepp_Logan頭部剖析圖為原始圖像,進(jìn)行重建算法計(jì)算,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果證實(shí)了方案的可行性。關(guān)鍵詞:DSP; CT圖像重建; ART算法; SDRAM
中圖分類號(hào):TN915-34文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A
文章編號(hào):1004-373X(2010)18-0017-04
Implementation of ART Algorithm Based on Fixed Point DSP
SUN Yi-gang, WANG Qing-yong, ZHANG Hong-ying
(Aeronautical Automation College, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China)
Abstract: DSP has high speed in the computation of mass data, a computation scheme based on fixed point DSP TMS320C6416 algorithm is proposed to increase the speed of ART image reconstruction in CT technology. This method based on the ART theory, and the merit in speed of the USB 2.0 in the data transmission and the fixed DSP in data processing. It takes the CYPRESS CY7C68001 as USB 2.0 interface chipset, the SDRAM as data buffer to make sure the high speed data communication between the DSP and the PC host; and runs and optimizes the ART algorithm with C language to reduce the time consumption in DSP computation. The experiment makes the Shepp_Logan model as the original image and performs the computation of reconstruction algorithm, and the result indicates that the method is feasible.Keywords: DSP; CT image reconstruction; ART algorithm; SDRAM
0 引 言
計(jì)算機(jī)層析成像技術(shù)(CT)已經(jīng)廣泛應(yīng)用在醫(yī)學(xué)及工業(yè)檢測(cè)領(lǐng)域。圖像重建是CT技術(shù)的關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容,有兩類方法:解析算法和迭代算法。迭代算法中比較常用的是代數(shù)迭代算法(algebraic reconstruction technique,ART)。ART算法適合于不完全投影數(shù)據(jù)的圖像重建,抗噪聲干擾能力強(qiáng),還可以結(jié)合一些先驗(yàn)知識(shí)求解;但不足是計(jì)算量大,重建速度慢,已成為該算法應(yīng)用發(fā)展的瓶頸[1]。若射線條數(shù)為I,ART收斂于最優(yōu)解約需(3~8)I次的迭代,在ART重建方法中,對(duì)于一幅n×n的圖像,取m個(gè)投影,每個(gè)方向的投影有n條射線,如果直接用ART方法重建,則系數(shù)矩陣的元素個(gè)數(shù)約為o(n4);對(duì)于一幅256×256或者更大的圖像,計(jì)算量巨大。目前對(duì)ART算法的研究主要是針對(duì)算法本身,還不能把算法直接固化到硬件中實(shí)現(xiàn),該算法在通用計(jì)算機(jī)上進(jìn)行圖像重建時(shí)速度慢,耗費(fèi)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)[2-3]。
選用高性能的處理器能夠有效提高圖像重建的速度,目前DSP技術(shù)已經(jīng)廣泛應(yīng)用各種領(lǐng)域,如圖像處理[4-5],這主要是因?yàn)镈SP技術(shù)適合應(yīng)用于有大量的數(shù)據(jù),并且數(shù)據(jù)需要較為快速的數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算場(chǎng)合[6]。……