摘 要:為研究電磁波在有損耗左手材料中的傳播特性,采用時域有限差分(FDTD)法和色散媒質的Drude模型,推導出基于Drude模型的左手材料二維FDTD迭代方程。一維數值仿真結果驗證了平面電磁波在穿過有耗左手材料時,其相速度大小與光速相同,方向與傳播方向相反,且隨著損耗因子的增大,左手材料內的電場強度幅值亦相應減小。此外,還利用多循環m-n-m脈沖作為激勵源,對左手材料平板具有的完美透鏡現象進行了二維數值仿真驗證。結果表明,有耗平板左手材料具有明顯的聚焦效果,在特定條件下能實現完美成像。關鍵詞: 左手材料; Drude模型; 時域有限差分法; 電波傳播
中圖分類號:TP011文獻標識碼:A
文章編號:1004-373X(2010)15-0063-04
Analysis of Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Characteristic in Lossy LHM by FDTD Method
ZENG Wen-bo, ZHAO Jia
(Electronics Information Controlling Department, Guangxi University of Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China)
Abstract: The Drude-based two dimensional FDTD iterative equations in LHM were deduced by FDTD method and the dispersive Drude model in order to study propagation characteristic of electromagnetic wave in left-handed materials (LHM). One-dimensional simulation results show that the phase velocity of a plane electromagnetic wave propagating inside a LHM is equal to the velocity of the light while the direction is converse, and the amplitude of electric field is reduced with the increase of loss factor. Furthermore, a LHM slab illuminated with a multiple cycle m-n-m pulses source is showed to have an obvious focusing effect, and can produce a perfect focus in and outside the slab under specific condition.Keywords: left-handed materials; Drude model; FDTD method; electromagnetic wave propagation
0 引 言
物理學中,介電常數ε和磁導率μ是描述介質中電磁場性質最基本的兩個物理量。在已知的物質世界中,對于普通的電介質而言,介電常數ε和磁導率μ都為正值,電場、磁場與波矢三者構成右手螺旋關系,這樣的物質被稱為右手材料(Right-Handed Materials,RHM)。所謂的左手材料(Left-Handed Materials,LHM)是指介電常數ε和磁導率μ同時為負的介質材料,也常被稱為雙負介質(Double Negative Materials,DNG),其特點是電場、磁場與波矢三者構成左手螺旋關系。左手材料是近年來國際物理學和電磁學的一個研究熱點,其概念最初由前蘇聯物理學家 Veselago 于1968年提出并做了大量的理論性研究,指出了左手材料具有諸如負折射效應、逆多普勒效應等許多奇異的電磁特性[1],但由于自然界中沒能發現ε和μ同時為負數的介質材料存在,所以他的研究結果在很長一段時間一直沒有得到實驗驗證,也沒能激起人們更多的興趣。……