盧秀英 劉俊 丁震 侯曉華
·論著·
急性胰腺炎胸腔積液與病情嚴重程度關系分析
盧秀英 劉俊 丁震 侯曉華
目的分析急性胰腺炎(AP)患者胸腔積液的發生率,探討胸腔積液與病情嚴重程度的關系。方法回顧性分析766例AP患者胸腔積液的發生率及其與發病年齡、性別、Ranson評分、CT分級(CTSI)、血淀粉酶水平、白蛋白含量以及住院天數之間的關系。結果766例AP患者中,129例(16.8%)發生胸腔積液。171例重癥急性胰腺炎(SAP)中38例(22.2%)發生胸腔積液,595例輕癥急性胰腺炎(MAP)中91例(15.3%)出現胸腔積液,SAP患者的胸腔積液發生率顯著高于MAP患者(Plt;0.05)。發生胸腔積液患者的血淀粉酶水平、白蛋白含量、Ranson評分、CTSI及住院天數分別為(795±1013)U/L、(36±7)g/L、1.12±1.15、4.02±1.16和(23.4±23.4)d;無胸腔積液者分別為(592±856)U/L、(38±6)g/L、0.85±0.98、3.15±16.60和(17.3±16.6)d。胸腔積液患者的Ranson評分、血淀粉酶水平、CTSI均顯著高于無胸腔積液者(Plt;0.05或lt;0.01);血清白蛋白含量顯著低于無胸腔積液者(Plt;0.01);住院天數明顯長于無胸腔積液者(Plt;0.01)。 雙側胸腔積液92例,右側胸腔積液11例,左側胸腔積液26例,胸腔積液部位與病情無關,但左側胸腔積液者住院天數較長(Plt;0.05)。結論AP患者發生胸腔積液者病情較重,胸腔積液可能是個較好的評估SAP的指標。
胰腺炎; 胸腔積液; 回顧性研究
急性胰腺炎(AP)可分為重癥急性胰腺炎(SAP)與輕癥急性胰腺炎(MAP),兩者的臨床發展過程與預后完全不同。SAP的早期診斷與早期治療對縮短患者病程、降低患者病死率極為重要。胸腔積液是AP的一個常見并發癥,其發生部位可為左側、右側或者雙側胸腔。目前對胸腔積液在AP發病過程中的意義僅有散在報道,且對不同部位的胸腔積液是否具有預測疾病的價值未見相關分析。本文回顧性分析我院10余年來所收治的766例AP患者的臨床資料,分析胸腔積液的發生率及發生部位與病情嚴重程度的關系,以期對SAP的早期判斷提供新的思路。
一、臨床資料
收集1998年至2008年間武漢協和醫院所有住院的AP患者共766例,男473例,女293例;SAP 171例,MAP 595例。胸腔積液的診斷主要依靠48 h之內CT影像獲得。同時記錄患者入院48 h內的血淀粉酶、白蛋白水平以及Ranson評分、CTSI、住院天數,分析胸腔積液與這些指標的相關關系。
二、診斷標準
根據美國AP診治指南規定,具有下列三項之二的即可診斷為AP[1]:(1)有腹痛、惡心、嘔吐等癥狀,腹部有壓痛、反跳痛、移動性濁音等體征;(2)血、尿淀粉酶升高超過正常值上限3倍;(3)CT影像學檢查示胰腺有形態學改變。
SAP的診斷根據2002年世界胰腺疾病會議的診斷標準,具有以下四項之一可診斷SAP:(1)Ranson評分≥3;(2)有局部并發癥;(3)有器官功能障礙;(4)APACHEⅡ評分≥8分。
胸腔積液的診斷:CT顯示胸腔有積液,除外原有胸、肺器質性疾病和腫瘤等所致胸腔積液。
三、統計學處理

766例AP患者中,129例發生胸腔積液,發生率為16.8%。SAP中38例發生胸腔積液,占22.2%;MAP中91例出現胸腔積液,占15.3%,SAP患者的胸腔積液發生率顯著高于MAP患者(Plt;0.05)。
129例并發胸腔積液患者中,男85例,女44例,發生胸腔積液在性別上無明顯差異;并發胸腔積液者年齡為(48±14)歲,無胸腔積液者為(44±15)歲,雖然并發胸腔積液者年齡大于無胸腔積液者,但無統計學意義。
發生胸腔積液者的血淀粉酶、白蛋白水平以及Ranson評分、CTSI、住院天數分別為(795±1 013)U/L、(36±7)g/L、1.12±1.15、4.02±1.16和(23.4±23.4)d;無胸腔積液者分別為(592±856)U/L、(38±6)g/L、0.85±0.98、3.15±16.60和(17.3±16.6)d。發生胸腔積液患者的Ranson評分、血淀粉酶水平均顯著高于無胸腔積液者(Plt;0.05或lt;0.01);血清白蛋白水平顯著低于無胸腔積液者(Plt;0.01);住院天數明顯長于無胸腔積液者(Plt;0.01)。
129例發生胸腔積液的AP患者中,雙側胸腔積液者92例,右側胸腔積液11例,左側胸腔積液26例,不同部位胸腔積液患者的Ranson評分、血淀粉酶水平、CTSI無明顯差異,但左側胸腔積液者住院天數明顯長于右側胸腔積液者或雙側胸腔積液者(表1)。
AP是消化科常見疾病,臨床表現復雜多樣,特別是SAP起病快,發展迅猛,病情兇險嚴重,病死率高。目前SAP判斷標準較多,如Ranson評分、APACHE評分及C反應蛋白(CRP)等生化檢查,但至今仍缺乏特異性強、敏感性高的指標。目現,國內外有散在報道指出胸腔積液與病情嚴重程度相關。

表1 不同部位胸腔積液與病情的關系
注:與其他兩組比較,aPlt;0.05
近年來國內學者劉子君等[2]指出,胸腔積液可作為SAP的一項早期判別指標。張利等[3]認為,胸腔積液可作為評估SAP的一項獨立指標。美國《臨床指南》指出胸腔積液是SAP危險因子。國外文獻報道,胸腔積液的發生與以往的Ranson評分、APACHE評分相比,更能準確地反映疾病的嚴重程度[4-5];通過對AP患者胸片檢查有助于對SAP進行早期判別診斷[6-8];胸腔積液的發生強烈提示SAP的可能[9-10]。還有學者檢測胸水淀粉酶,并聯合HCT等指標對AP 評估,獲得相同的結果[8,11]。這些結果均提示胸腔積液可早期預測SAP。
本結果顯示,AP胸腔積液的發生與性別、年齡相關性不大,但與Ranson評分、CISI、血清白蛋白和血淀粉酶水平等均有關,且SAP較MAP患者更易出現胸腔積液,提示胸腔積液的發生與病情嚴重程度相關。胸腔積液為入院48 h內CT檢查發現,可早期反映病情,提示其可能是個較好的確定SAP的參考因素之一。在臨床工作中,若發現胸腔積液,表明胰腺炎已累及胰腺外系統[12-13],應積極防止其他并發癥的發生,特別是呼吸衰竭。
國內學者劉子君等[2]認為,胸腔積液的發生部位與病情無關,多發生在左側及雙側。本組胸腔積液的部位亦與病情無關,大多發生在雙側。提示AP患者出現胸腔積液可能不僅僅是因為橫膈周圍的淋巴叢與縱隔及胸膜下間隔相關[14],可能還有全身炎癥反應及低白蛋白血癥的參與。本組胸腔積液患者的住院時間延長,以左側胸腔積液者的住院時間最長,其原因需進一步的探討。
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2008-11-05)
(本文編輯:屠振興)
Relationbetweenpleuraleffusionandseverityofacutepancreatitis
LU Xiu-ying,LIU Jun,DING Zhen,HOU Xiao-hua.
Department of Gastroenterology,Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Techonology,Wuhan 430022,China
LIUJun,Emailliujun_99@126.com
Pancreatitis; Pleural effusion; Retrospective studies
AbstrastObjctiveTo investigate the incidence of pleural effusion in acute pancreatitis (AP) and the relation between pleural effusion and severity of AP.MethodsThe medical records of 766 patients with AP were analyzed retrospectively. The incidence of pleural effusion was documented and its relationship with age of onset, sex, Ranson score, CTSI, serum albumin and hospital day was analyzed.ResultsIn the 766 AP patients, there were 129 (16.8%) patients had pleural effusion. In 171 SAP patients, there were 91(15.3%) patients had pleural effusion. In the 595 MAP patients, there were 129 (16.8%) patients had pleural effusion. The difference in the incidence of pleural effusion between MAP and SAP patients was statistically significant (Plt;0.05). The serum amylase, albumin, Ranson score, CTSI, and hospital day in patients with pleural effusion were (795±1 013) U/L, (36±7) g/L, 1.12±1.15, 4.02±1.16 and (23.4±23.4)d, respectively; while the corresponding values in patients without pleural effusion were (592±856) U/L, (38±6)g/L, 0.85±0.98, 3.15±16.60 and (17.3±16.6)d, respectively. The difference in Ranson score, serum amylase, CTSI between the two groups was statistically significantly (Plt;0.05 or lt;0.01), the serum level of albumin in patients with pleural effusion was significantly lower than that in patients without pleural effusion (P lt;0.01), the hospital day in patients with pleural effusion was significantly longer than that in patients without pleural effusion (Plt;0.01). Pleural effusion of both sides was present in 92 patients, while pleural effusion of right side was present in 11 patients, pleural effusion of left side was present in 26 patients; the site of pleural effusion was not associated with the severity of AP, however, patients with pleural effusion of left side tended to have longer hospital day (Plt;0.05).ConclusionsPatients with pleural effusion during AP were more likely to be complicated with severe conditions, and the presence of pleural effusion may be a good marker for severity evaluation.
10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-1935.2009.05.007
430022 武漢,華中科技大學同濟醫學院附屬協和醫院消化科(盧秀英,現在湖北鐘祥市人民醫院工作)
劉俊,Email,liujun_99@126.com