透過高考看“ｔｈａｔ”的用法

栗夢華

看過近幾年各省市的高考英語試卷后,我發現很多省市都考到了that的用法,而且也作為干擾項出現。that 一詞用法靈活,掌握要有一定的訣竅。總結如下:

一、that 用作指示代詞

1. that相當于漢語中的“那,那個”。 在句中可用作主語、賓語或定語。例如:

Who is that boy over there. Thats Tang Lin.

Shall we buy this book or that one?

I like that better.

2. that用來替代前面出現的特指的單數可數名詞或特指的不可數名詞,相當于the +單數或不可數名詞。如:

(2009,江蘇) Nine in ten parents said there were sig?鄄nificant differences in their approach to educating their children compared with of their parents.

A. those B. one C. both D. that

答案為D。代替的是前面出現的approach。

(2009,寧夏、全國I) One of the most important ques?鄄tions they had to consider was of public health.

A. what B. this C. that D. which

答案為C。代替的是前面出現的question。

3. that用來代替剛提到的事,常譯作“這”。

(2009,遼寧) Theyve won their last three match?鄄es. I find a bit surprising actually.

A. That B. When C. What D. Which

答案為A。代替前面“Theyve won their last three matches.”這件事。

二、that 用作從屬連詞, 引導名詞性從句

1. that引導主語從句,常用it作形式主語,常見的句型有:It + be+形容詞/名詞詞組/過去分詞+that從句。這個用法2008年考到了。如:

(2008,上海) It has been proved eating vegeta?鄄bles in childhood helps to protect you against serious ill?鄄ness in later life.

A. if B. because C. when D. that

答案為D。

2.that引導賓語從句

(1)that從句作及物動詞的賓語時,that通常可以省略, 但由 and 連接兩個或兩個以上的賓語從句時, 除第一個that可以省略外, 其余的that必須保留, 以避免產生歧義。如:

(2007,湖南) Having checked the doors were closed, and all the lights were off, the boy open the door to his bedroom.

A. why B. that C. when D. where

答案為B。

(2)that從句一般不能充當介詞的賓語, 偶爾可作except, in的賓語。如:

He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading.

3. that 引導表語從句,一般不省略。如:

(2007,上海) The traditional view is we sleep because our brain is “programming” to make us to do.

A. when B. why C. whether D. that

答案為D。

4. that引導同位語從句

that引導同位語從句時,應在某些抽象名詞之后,如:doubt, thought, report, promise, fact, idea, news 等,對前面的名詞起補充說明的作用,連詞that只起連接作用,在從句中不擔當任何成分,不能省略。2009年有幾個省市同時考到了這個用法。如:

(2009,四川) News came from the school office Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing Uni?鄄versity.

A. which B. what C. that D. where

答案為C。

(2009,浙江)—Is there any possibility you could pick me up at the airport?

—No problem.

A. when B. that C. whether D. what

答案為B。

(2009,重慶)We should consider the students re?鄄quest the school library provide more books on pop?鄄ular science.

A. that B. when C. which D. where

答案為A。

三、that 用作從屬連詞, 引導狀語從句

that與其他詞連用如:so(...)that, such(...)that, in order that, now that, not that... but that, on condition that, for fear that, seeing that 等, 可在句中表示目的、結果、程度、原因、條件等。2008年考到了這類用法。如:

(2008,寧夏) The weather was cold that I didnt like to leave my room.

A. really B. such C. too D. so

答案為D。

(2008,江西)Animals suffered at the hands of man they were destroyed by people to make way for agricultural land to provide food for more people.

A. in which B. for which

C. so that D. in that

答案為D。

四、that 用作關系詞

1. that用作關系代詞

that用作關系代詞引導限制性定語從句, 在從句中作主語或賓語,間或作表語。作賓語或表語時常省略。

2. that用作關系副詞

that用作關系副詞引導定語從句,在從句中作狀語, 表示時間、地點、原因或方式,that 常省略。近兩年沒有考到這種用法,但that 多作為干擾項出現。

五、that用于 “It is/was+被強調成分+ that+句子的其他成分” 的強調句型

使用強調句型應注意:

1.it為引導詞,無含義。被強調成分一般為主語、賓語、表語、定語或狀語,而不是謂語。當強調指人的主語時,that可以換成who,指人的賓語可換為whom。

2.注意強調句型與定語從句的區別以及強調句型與定語從句的結合。如:

(2008,全國II)It was in New Zealand Elizabeth first met Mr Smith.

A. that B. how C. which D. where

答案為A。

(2008,天津) It was alone on the Mississippi River Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.

A. how B. which C. that D. where

答案為C。

六、that 用作副詞, 修飾形容詞或副詞, 作“那么,這么”等解,常用于口語中

如: I wasnt that clever.

Can hard work change a person that much?

You dont think we were all that careless, dont you?

另外,要掌握好that的用法,還要分析好句子的成分,判斷出句子所缺失的成分,是很關鍵的。這就需要同學們在平時的閱讀中多留心、多積累。

(責編 黃 曉)