２００９年江蘇任務型閱讀解析及思考

任務型閱讀（Taskbased reading）是從2008年起江蘇高考所采用的新題型。該題型旨在考查學生的綜合語言運用能力；用英語獲取信息、處理信息和分析問題和解決問題的能力以及考查學生用英語進行思維和表達的能力。2009年仍然沿用了該題型。

現附上試題：（保留原題號）

第四部分：任務型閱讀(共10小題；每小題l分，滿分10分)

請認真閱讀下列短文，并根據所讀內容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個最恰當的單詞。注意：每個空格只填1個單詞。請將答案寫在答題卡上相應題號的橫線上。

Communication Principles

How you see yourself can make a great difference in how you communicate. “Every individual exists in a continually changing world of experience of which he (or she) is the center”. Many communication scholars and social scientists believe that people are products of how others treat them and of the messages others send them. But every day we experience the centrality of our selves in communication. A student， for instance， may describe a conflict with a teacher as unfair treatment: “I know my teacher doesn’t like the fact that I don’t agree with his opinions and that’s why he gave me such a poor grade in that class.” The teacher might say the opposite. Each person may believe that he is correct and that the other person’s view is wrong.

The concept of self originates in communication. Through verbal and nonverbal symbols， a child learns to accept roles in response to the expectations of others. You establish selfimage， the sort of person you believe you are， by how others think of you. Positive， negative， and neutral messages that you receive from others all play a role in determining who you are. Communication itself is probably best understood as a dialogue process. Our understanding of communication comes from our interactions with other people. In a more obvious way， communication involves others in the sense that a competent communicator considers what the other person needs and expects when selecting messages to share. So， the communication begins with the self， as defined largely by others， and involves others， as defined largely by the self.

Communication occurs almost every minute of your life. If you are not communicatingwith yourself (thinking， planning， reacting to the world around you)， you are observing others and drawing inferences from their behavior. Even if the other person did not intend a message for you. You gather observations and draw specific conclusions. A person yawns and you believe that person is bored with your message. A second person looks away from you and you conclude that person is not listening to you. A third person smiles (perhaps because of a memory of a joke he heard recently) and you believe that he is attracted to you. We are continually picking up meanings from others’ behaviors and we are constantly providing behaviors that have communicative value for them.

More often than not， you may have hurt someone accidentally and you may have tried to explain that you did not mean that. You may have told the other person that you were sorry for your statement. You may have made a joke out of your rude statement. Nonetheless， your comment remains both in the mind of the other person and in your own mind. You cannot go back in time and erase your messages to others. Communication cannot be reversed (倒退)， nor can it be repeated. When you tried to recreate the atmosphere， the conversation， and the setting，nothing seemed right. Your second experience with a similar setting and person made far different results.

答案與解析

71. 答案為self-centred / subjective，其源頭句為But every day we experience the centrality of our selves in communication.其中的 the centrality of our selves為self-centred的有效信息，亦可用subjective（主觀的）

72. 答案為involves根據該句So，the communication begins with the self，as defined largely by others，and involves others，as defined largely by the self.中的and involves others可知。

73. 答案為determine / define / know / understand 。根據文中Positive，negative，and neutral messages that you receive from others all play a role in determining who you are.可知有效信息為determining，再根據語境help sb do sth得出答案。

74. 答案為expectations / hopes / desires / wishes，根據句子communication involves others in the sense that a competent communicator considers what the other person needs and expects when selecting messages to share.中的what the other person needs and expects可知使用expect的名詞形式或該詞的同義詞。

75. 答案為occurs / happens / exists / arises，根據第三段的主題句 Communication occurs almost every minute of your life.便知。 

76. 答案為reading / understanding / knowing，根據Even if the other person did not intend a message for you. You gather observations and draw specific conclusions.中的you gather observations and draw specific conclusions便可概括。

77. 答案為behaviors / acts / action(s) / activities，該答案源頭句為We are continually picking up meanings from others’ behaviors and we are constantly providing behaviors that have communicative value for them.其中的有效信息即為behaviors，亦可使用其同義詞。

78. 答案為conveying / expressing ，根據and we are constantly providing behaviors that have communicative value for them.可概括出我們為別人提供有價值的交流行為即為“傳遞、表達”我們的意思。

79. 答案為erase / remove / delete/change，該句 You cannot go back in time and erase your messages to others.可直接提供答案，亦可使用其同義詞。

80. 答案為can’t / cannot，根據同一欄中的上一個句子以及對最后一句話的理解便知。

從試題可以看出今年的任務型閱讀有以下幾個特點：

第一，新題型完全符合《英語課程標準》所提出的要求。高中英語教學應該著重培養用英語獲取和處理信息的能力（例如第72，75，77，79題）；用英語分析問題和解決問題的能力以及批判性思維能力（例如第76，78，80題）。……