在近年高考英語試題中,分詞短語與從句的考查比較頻繁。大家都知道分詞短語可以在句中作定語、狀語、賓補和表語,但你知道這時的分詞短語可以與從句相互轉化嗎?下面就一般情況下分詞短語在句中作定語或狀語時與從句的轉化進行介紹。
一、作定語的分詞短語與定語從句的轉化。
1.現在分詞短語作定語時,一般都放在所修飾的名詞或代詞的后面,我們可以用定語從句來轉換,這時在意思上和一個定語從句沒有區別。
I don’t know the person talking with my English teacher.
=I don’t know the person who is talking with my English teacher.
我不認識和我們英語老師說話的那個人?
2.現在分詞短語作定語時,分詞所表示動作發生的時間在變為從句時,一般有下面兩種情況。
1)分詞表示經常性動作、現在或當時的狀態,變為從句時用一般時態。
The monument standing in the middle of the playground was built in 1999.
=The monument that stands in the middle of the playground was built in 1999.
操場中間的紀念碑是1999年建的。
2)分詞表示正在進行的動作,變為從句時需用進行時態。
Tell the children playing there not to make so much noise.
=Tell the children who are playing there not to make so much noise.
讓那些在那兒玩的孩子們別這么吵。
二、作狀語的分詞短語與狀語從句的轉化。
1.現在分詞短語可以用作時間狀語,通常可以轉化為由when,while和after引導的時間狀語從句。
Seeing the house, he couldn’t help thinking of the miserable days.
=When he saw the house, he couldn’t help thinking of the miserable days.
看到那座房子,他不禁想起那些悲慘的日子。
如果分詞用的是完成形式,表示分詞的動作完成以后,謂語表示的動作才發生,轉化為從句時要用完成時態的謂語形式。
Having sung an English song, they began to have their class.
=After they had sung an English song, they began to have their class.
他們唱了一首英語歌之后就開始上課。
以as soon as引導的狀語從句的主語若與主句主語一致時,可用on十v-ing形式簡化狀語從句,此時的動詞為非延續性動詞。
Dr Bethune began to operate on the wounded soldiers as soon as he arrived at the village.
=Dr Bethune began to operate on the wounded soldiers on arriving at the village.
白求恩大夫一到那個村子就給受傷的戰士動手術。……