任務(wù)型閱讀中的轉(zhuǎn)換策略

任務(wù)型閱讀要求考生根據(jù)閱讀文章提供的信息用恰的詞語(yǔ)完成與短文相關(guān)的圖表。做任務(wù)型閱讀時(shí)，我們需要理解文章內(nèi)容及表格結(jié)構(gòu)，在理解的基礎(chǔ)上將文章定位到的信息轉(zhuǎn)換成適當(dāng)形式填入表格中。信息轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)有一定的思路和方法，掌握了這種方法就能達(dá)到事半功倍。下面我們來介紹常見的種種轉(zhuǎn)換方法。

一、名詞數(shù)和格的轉(zhuǎn)換

1．英語(yǔ)中，可數(shù)名詞表示類別時(shí)可以用a/the＋單數(shù)形式，也可以用復(fù)數(shù)形式 (這時(shí)名詞前不加冠詞)。名詞還有普通格和所有格之分。命題者可以根據(jù)名詞這些特性命題，讓考生進(jìn)行名詞單復(fù)數(shù)或格之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。例如：

They offer high quality education at a low cost.

In 1950， nearly a fifth of the population lived in the 20 largest cities of the nation.

In 1950， in the (2)______20 largest cities lived almost 20% of the population.

2．詞性間的轉(zhuǎn)換

英語(yǔ)中，不同的詞性有不同的作用，充當(dāng)不同的句子成分，而不同的句子成分也需要用不同的詞性。如：謂語(yǔ)要用動(dòng)詞，主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)用名詞、動(dòng)名詞、不定式等，表語(yǔ)用名詞、形容詞、動(dòng)名詞、分詞、不定式等，定語(yǔ)用形容詞等，狀語(yǔ)用副詞等。考生務(wù)必認(rèn)真審題，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)句法和詞法知識(shí)，把文章中的信息詞轉(zhuǎn)換成適當(dāng)形式填入表格中。例如：

But critics say the current system wastes money and delays the arrival of needed food.

→Food doesn’t (3)______ on time.

United States government agencies have to buy American-produced food.

→Food must be bought from (4)_______.

Changing it could harm food-aid programs.

→Changing it could be (5)_______ to food-aid programs.

There were mainly two types of families in the United States.

→There were two (6)______ types of families in the United States.

But the system also has supporters among agricultural and shipping groups， and lawmakers in Congress.

→Agricultural and shipping groups， as well as lawmakers， (7)_______ the current system.

Caring for others can actually encourage the development of a mutually beneficial relationship.

→A relationship which can (8)_______ two sides should be established.

Mass production (of laptops) is expected to begin in October， once a final design is approved.

→After the final design is approved， more laptops will be (9)______.

Apologize when you are wrong.

→Make an (10)______ when you are wrong.

Cheating athletes are easier to catch out.

→Cheating athletes can be (11)______ caught out.

What should we do so that our communication will be effective?

→How to communicate (12)_______

Because university tuition is so expensive， many students also work part-time while they are at university.

→Find a part-time (13)______ while at university.

3句子結(jié)構(gòu)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換

句子結(jié)構(gòu)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換可以是簡(jiǎn)單句與簡(jiǎn)單句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換，簡(jiǎn)單句與并列句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換，簡(jiǎn)單句與復(fù)合句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換，或者是復(fù)合句與復(fù)合句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換，復(fù)合句與并列句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。例如：

Mr. Gardner cited the account of the driver as an example of what he calls “good work”—a calling that combines excellent performance…

→”Good work” is (14)______ combines excellent performance.

When these bags go to landfills or are burned， they pollute the air， waterways and soil， which forms a huge threat to the health of humans.

→When these bags go to landfills or are burned， they pollute air， (15)_____ a huge threat to the health of humans.

It takes them almost 1，000 years to break down into particles that do not harm the environment.

→It takes them a very long time to break down into (16)______ particles.

常見同義結(jié)構(gòu)：except for， apart from， except that/when/where; above all， what is the most important; the reason for， why; the cause of…， what caused…; the last … that…， what sb wanted to … least; sb should do sth， It’s necessary for sb to do sth; but for， without， if it wasn’t for/hadn’t been for…; was on the point of doing sthwhen…， was about to do sth when…; it’s time to do sth， It’s time that sb did sth; It’s certain that…， sb/sth is certain/sure to do sth; It’s possible/probable/likely that， sb/sth is likely to do sth; It so happened that…， sb/sth happened to do sth; It seemed that…， sb/sth seemed to do sth; As it turned out， …， It turned out that…， sb/sth turned out to do sth; As is known，…， It’s well know that…， What is known is that…; before long， soon， It wasn’t long/won’t be long before…; It was at three o’clock that…， It was three o’clock when…等等。

4．同義轉(zhuǎn)換

任務(wù)型閱讀在解題時(shí)常常需要進(jìn)行同義轉(zhuǎn)換，就是將定位到的信息轉(zhuǎn)換成同義詞或同義詞組填入表格。……