非謂語動詞作狀語歷年是高考考查的重點,因為其形態(tài)各異,用法多樣,同學們往往搞不清該用哪一個形式。要做好該類題目除了要掌握其各種形式和語法功能,能準確分析句子成分和結(jié)構(gòu)外,我們還要熟悉一些有效的解題技巧,儲備必要的解題秘笈,才能縱橫考場,應付自如。
一、非謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)的形式

二、非謂語動詞作狀語的語法特征

三、非謂語動詞作狀語的條件:狀語與主句之間首先滿足邏輯主語的一致性,即非謂語動詞的邏輯主語應該與主
句的主語一致,其次,有非謂語動詞作狀語時,句中不能出現(xiàn)表示并列或轉(zhuǎn)折關系的連詞。
如:(1)____________ the window ,my finger was hurt.
(2)____________the window, I hurt my finger.
A. CleaningB. While cleaning C. While I was cleaning D. Cleaned
漢語意思相同的兩句,但因為它們的邏輯主語不一樣,所以第一句選C,第二句選A\\B
四、非謂語動詞作狀語與狀語從句之間的關系
非謂語動詞作狀語可以將其轉(zhuǎn)換成狀語從句。非謂語動詞做原因狀語時相當于as, since, because 引導的從句,作條件狀語時相當于if ,unless引導的從句,作方式或伴隨狀語時可用并列句替代。作時間狀語時可轉(zhuǎn)換成when 引導的狀語從句。但轉(zhuǎn)換時要注意邏輯主語的一致性和主被動關系。
如:1. The research is so designed that once begun nothing can be done to change it.
=The research is so designed that once it js begun nothing can be done to change it..
2. Not understanding its meaning ,he asked the teacher to explain the word again.
=Because he didn’t understand its meaning, he asked the teacher to explain the word again.
3. To find out more information from the text, he read it carefully again.
=In order to find out more information from the text ,he read it carefully again.
五、應考秘笈
秘笈一:將非謂語動詞轉(zhuǎn)換成狀語從句是可以用來判定使用那種形式非謂語動詞以及檢查非謂語動詞使用是否得當?shù)姆椒ㄖ弧S涀。含F(xiàn)在分詞一般式和完成式作狀語時,分詞的邏輯主語和主句主語是主動關系,現(xiàn)在分詞完成被動式和過去分詞作狀語時分詞和主句主語之間是被動關系。……