一、 獨立主格結構的定義
現在分詞或過去分詞若有邏輯上的主語就是一種復合結構,這種結構常可以作狀語,這就是獨立主格(Absolute Conctruction)。
獨立主格結構獨立于主句存在,一般用逗號與主句分開。
獨立主格結構位置多在句前,表伴隨則常在句后。
二、 分類分析
1. 獨立主格與分詞短語的區別
獨立主格是指作狀語的、帶有自己邏輯主語的現在分詞或過去分詞短語結構。試比較:
當做狀語的分詞等短語其邏輯主語就是句子主語時,稱之為分詞短語作狀語。如:
She went out ,saying she would be back in an hour.
她走了出去 ,說一個鐘頭后回來。
Taking a key out of his pocket ,he opened the door.
他從口袋里掏出鑰匙把門打開。
相比較而言,當做狀語的分詞短語的動作者與句子的主語不同時,則叫獨立主格做狀語。如:
It being holiday ,all the shops were shut.
由于今天是假日,所有商店都關門了。
There being no further business,I declared the meeting closed.(there be 的獨立主格為there being /there to be)
由于沒有別的事,我宣布散會。
Everything considered, his plan seems better.
從各方面考慮,他的計劃似乎好一些。
2. 獨立主格結構不只局限在分詞短語,不定式、形容詞、副詞、介詞也可用于獨立主格結構
名詞(代詞)+不定式(強調相對謂語將要…)
Mr.Black left for Beijing this morning, his secretary to join him there this Friday.
布萊克先生今早動身去了北京,他的秘書周五將與他會合。
名詞(代詞)+形容詞、副詞
He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
他回到了房子里,耳朵凍壞了。
名詞(代詞)+介詞短語構成
He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
他夾著本厚書,走出了圖書館。
3. with +名詞(代詞)+現在分詞/ 過去分詞/ 形容詞/ 副詞/ 不定式/ 介詞短語也叫獨立主格
They pretended to be working all night with their lights burning.
他們亮著燈假裝整夜在工作。
She had to walk home with her bike stolen.
自行車被偷了,她不得不步行回家。
I can’t go out to play with so much work to do.
有那么多工作要做我不能出去玩。
三、 注意
少數現在分詞和過去分詞短語,并不表示句子主語的動作,但卻不用獨立主格,因為它們表示的是說話人的態度,已成為習慣用法。如:
Women ,generally speaking, live longer than man.
一般說來女人比男人活得長。
Judging from what you say , he ought to succeed.
從你說的情況看,它應該成功。
Taking into account / consideration his youth and inexperience his acting was remarkable.
考慮到他年輕沒有經驗,他的演出是不錯的。
Considering his distance, he arrived very quickly.
考慮到路程,他到的是很快的。
Supposing / Suppose she doesn’t come ,what should we do?
假設她不來,我們該怎么辦?
They may swim provided / providing an adult accompanies them.
如果有大人陪他們,他們可以游泳。
(冀州市中學)