虛擬語(yǔ)氣的教學(xué)議案

一、 概念及其在教材中的定位

虛擬語(yǔ)氣（subjunctive mood）是一種特殊的動(dòng)詞形式，表示主觀愿望和假象虛擬的情況。和直陳語(yǔ)氣(indictive mood)、祈使語(yǔ)氣(imperativemood)合稱為英語(yǔ)的三種語(yǔ)氣。其中以虛擬語(yǔ)氣最難掌握和教授，在現(xiàn)行的所有版本的高中英語(yǔ)教材中均占有重要的地位。也是高考必考的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目。

二、 教學(xué)重點(diǎn)

1.含虛擬條件句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其動(dòng)詞形式表現(xiàn)為：

Eg：(1)If I knew German，I would read Das Capital in the original.(與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)

(2)If I had got up earlier， I would not have missed the

plane. (與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反)

(3) If it were Sunday tomorrow， I would go to see my

friend.(與將來(lái)可能事實(shí)相反)

2. 不帶虛擬條件句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

(1)wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

Eg： I wish I were as strong as you.

歸納為：

(2) advise，suggest，order，demand，propose，command，

request，desire，insist，decide，promise，arrange，ask(要求)，consent，determine，intend，beg 等詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式為：（should）+動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略。

Eg: The teacher suggested that we (should) save time.

The black clouds suggested that a heavy rain was coming.

(3) it is desired，it is suggested，it is requirested，it is ordered，it was proposed，it is necessary，it is important，it has been decided 等結(jié)構(gòu)后的主語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

Eg：It is suggested that all the competitors (should) take their ID Cards when taking part in the competition.

(4) suggestion，motion，proposal，order recommandation，plan，idea，advice，demand，desire等詞后的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

Eg: The demand is that manuscripts(should) be written on one side only.

It is my desire that all the members of the family (should gether once a year.

(5)It’s time …句型后要求跟虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示“早該干什么了”或“是干什么的時(shí)間了”，其后的句子謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去式。

Eg：It’s time that we went to bed.

(6) 在in case that，for fear that ，in oder that，so that 引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

Eg： I will not make a noise for fear that I should/might disturb you.

(7)If only和would that后的虛擬語(yǔ)氣

謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，常譯為：要是……就好了。

Eg：If only I could speak several foreign language.

Would that I had seen her before she died.

(8) as if 引導(dǎo)的從句，要根據(jù)情況來(lái)判斷，如果不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)，就用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，如果有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)或可能是真實(shí)情況，用直陳語(yǔ)氣。

三、教學(xué)難點(diǎn)

本語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目的難點(diǎn)是對(duì)說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣的把握。主要分為：對(duì)過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在及將來(lái)所要發(fā)生的事實(shí)的假設(shè)；表示說(shuō)話人的主觀意愿及建議和勸告；以及請(qǐng)求、希望、懷疑等強(qiáng)烈語(yǔ)氣。

四、教學(xué)方法及課時(shí)安排

應(yīng)采取講練結(jié)合的教學(xué)方法。課時(shí)為兩節(jié)，并在隨后的教學(xué)中不斷重復(fù)，不斷提醒學(xué)生，以達(dá)到鞏固和加強(qiáng)的作用。

(藍(lán)田縣玉山中學(xué))