系動詞的分類與用法
2008-12-08 09:29:46李國勤
中學英語之友·上 2008年11期
李國勤
系動詞亦稱連系動詞（Link Verb），作為系動詞，它本身有詞義，但不能單獨用作謂語，后面必須跟表語（亦稱補語），構成系表結構說明主語的狀況、性質、特征等情況。
說明：
有些系動詞又是實義動詞，該動詞表達實義時，有詞義，可單獨作謂語，例如：
He felt ill yesterday.
他昨天病了。（felt是系動詞，后跟表語，說明主語的情況。）
He fell off the ladder.
他從梯子上摔了下來。(fell是實義動詞，單獨作謂語。)
1）狀態系動詞
用來表示主語狀態，只有be一詞，例如：
He is a teacher. 他是一名教師。（is與表語一起說明主語的身份。）
2）持續系動詞
用來表示主語繼續或保持一種狀況或態度，主要有keep， remain， stay， lie， stand。例如：
He always kept silent at meeting. 他開會時總保持沉默。
3）表像系動詞
用來表示“看起來像”這一概念，主要有seem， appear， look。例如：
He looks tired. 他看起來很累。
He seems （to be）very sad. 他看起來很傷心。
4）感官系動詞
感官系動詞主要有feel， smell， sound， taste。例如：
This kind of cloth feels very soft. 這種布手感很軟。
This flower smells very sweet. 這朵花聞起來很香。
5）變化系動詞
這些系動詞表示主語變成什么樣，變化系動詞主要有become， grow，turn， fall， get， go， come， run。例如：
He became mad after that. 自那之后，他瘋了。
She grew rich within a short time. 她沒多長時間就富了。
6）終止系動詞
表示主語已終止動作，主要有prove，turn out，表示“證實”，“變成”之意。例如：
The rumor proved false. 這謠言證實有假。
The search proved difficult. 搜查證實很難。
His plan turned out a success. 他的計劃終于成功了。（turn out表終止性結果）
（一）選擇填空：
1. My brother ____ a teacher. He ____ his pupils very much.
A. is, like B. is, likes C. are, likes D. are, like
2. A: How many days ____ there in a week?
B: There ____ seven.
A. is, is B. are, are C. is, are D. are, is
3. I ____ tired last night.
A. became B. felt C. looked D. am
4. Her face ____ pale（蒼白） when she heard the bad news.
A. got B. is C. turned D. was
5. You ____ pale. Whats wrong with you?
A. turn B. seem C. look D. become
6. The boy ____ ill today.
A. are B. is C. be D. am
7. Which ____ bigger, the sun or the moon?
A. are B. is C. be D. ×
8. Neither she nor I ____ a doctor.
A. am not B. am C. are D. is
9. I ____ a worker next year.
A. am B. will be C. be D. will
10. Her voice ____ like my mothers.
A. sounds B. sound C. looks D. look
11. It often rains and the crops ____ fast.
A. get B. turn C. grow D. become
12. A: How are you ____ now?
B: Much better, thank you.
A. getting B. feeling C. making D. turning
13. The teachers smile made me ____ better.
A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. felt
14. My English teacher ____.
A. all look young B. looks young
C. look young D. all looks young
15. I ____ busy now, but I ____ free next week.
A. am, am B. am, will C. am, will be D. being, will be
16. I ____ at this school next month.
A. am B. will be C. is D. was
17. My brother ____ in the League now.
A. are B. were C. was D. is
18. Come to my office if you ____ free tomorrow.
A. are B. will be C. was D. is
19. If water ____ heated, it will be ____ into vapor （蒸氣）.
A. was, turned B. is, turned C. is, get D. was, got
20. If you dont take back what you just said, Mother ____ angry.
A. is B. will be C. get D. feels
21. Neither of us ____ a doctor.
A. am B. are C. is D. were
22. He ____ a famous writer.
A. turns B. become C. is D. are
23. The girls face ____ red.
A. turned B. get C. feel D. look
24. He ____ very glad.
A. look B. turned C. feel D. looks
