詮釋?zhuān)椋舻摹叭蟆笨键c(diǎn)

曾　軍　張忠良

it是高考測(cè)試的熱點(diǎn)內(nèi)容之一，它不僅可以指代時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、天氣、距離等，還可以作形式主語(yǔ)和形式賓語(yǔ)，同時(shí)還可以用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)中，下面就結(jié)合高考題來(lái)談?wù)勊挠梅ǎＭ軐?duì)同學(xué)們的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。

一、 it用作代詞

1.it指代前文提到過(guò)的事物，可指前面剛提到的同一事物或某人。如：

I was disappointed with the film. I had expected ____ to be much better. (93NMET)

A. that B. this C. one D. it

[解析]首先讓我們看that, one, it這三個(gè)代詞的用法區(qū)別：it用來(lái)替代前面提到的同一事物,one作替代詞,相當(dāng)于“a(an)+名詞”，用來(lái)代替前面出現(xiàn)過(guò)的“同類(lèi)”事物,that用來(lái)替代前面提到的特指的事物,本題中的代詞是代替上文中提到的the film，應(yīng)用it，答案為D。

2.指代前一個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容或情況。如：

The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but ____ didnt help. (05全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)

A. it B. she C. which D. he

[解析]因?yàn)橛羞B詞but，不能用關(guān)系代詞which，it用來(lái)代替上文“The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday”這個(gè)句子的整體意義，答案為A。

3.it指代天氣、時(shí)間、距離、地點(diǎn)、溫度、自然環(huán)境等。如：

(1) ____ from Beijing to London! (93NMET)

A. How long way it is B. What a long way is it

C. How long way is it D. What a long way it is

[解析]it在此指距離，這是一個(gè)感嘆句，修飾名詞用what，答案為D。

(2) ——Did Jack come back early last night? (05福建)

——Yes. It was not yet eight oclock ____ he arrived home.

A. before B. when C. that D. until

[解析]it在這里代指時(shí)間，根據(jù)題干“他到家時(shí)還不到八點(diǎn)”，可知是when（當(dāng)……時(shí)候）引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，答案為B。

(3) It was some time ____ we realized the truth. (05山東)

A. when B. until C. since D. before

(4) It was not long ____ a customer who had seen him arrive dropped

in to inform him that his car was covered with bees. (05重慶)

A. when B. after C. until D. before

[解析]It is/was/will be+段時(shí)間+before從句,這一句型意為“還有……時(shí)間就……”，為否定句時(shí)，段時(shí)間只能是long一詞,整個(gè)句型表達(dá)“不久……就……”,所以答案為(3)D (4)D。

(5) That was really a splendid evening. Its been years ____ I enjoyed myself so much. （05安徽）

A. when B. that C. before D. since

[解析]It+is/has been+一段時(shí)間+since從句,意為“自……以來(lái)已有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了”或“自不……以來(lái)已有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了”。在該句型中若since從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,則表示從句中的動(dòng)作延續(xù)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了;若since從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞,則表示從句中的動(dòng)作已結(jié)束多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了,答案為D。

二、it 作先行詞，在句中充當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)，而把真正的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)如動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)從句或賓語(yǔ)從句等移到句子后邊去。