英文寫作是高考的重中之重。同學(xué)們平時(shí)訓(xùn)練較多的是如何寫議論文,其他體裁作文的應(yīng)對(duì)能力則相對(duì)薄弱。其實(shí),圖表類作文有其較為固定的表達(dá)方式和使用頻率較高的詞匯,掌握了這些,同學(xué)們就可以比較順利地應(yīng)對(duì)這一體裁的寫作了。
一、 圖表類作文常用的單詞、短語和句型
1. 表示數(shù)據(jù)變化的單詞或短語
in the case of (在……的情況下)
in terms of (在……方面)
increase / raise / rise / go up(增加)
decrease / grow down / drop / fall (減少)
increased by (增長了)
increased to (增長到)
the number sharply goes up to(數(shù)字急劇上升至)
significant(重大的),steady(平穩(wěn)的),gradual(逐漸的),slow(慢慢的),stable(穩(wěn)定的),rapid(快速的)……
2. 表示從圖表得知的信息的句型
The table / chart / graph shows that...(這個(gè)圖表告訴我們……)
According to the table / chart /graph, we can see that...(根據(jù)圖表,我們可以看出……)
It can be concluded from the graph that...(從圖表中可以得出……)
The table shows the changes in the number of...over the period from...to...(該表格描述了在……期間……數(shù)量的變化)
二、 圖表類作文的模式
圖表類作文中的圖表主要有以下形式:柱形圖類(chart)、圓餅圖類 (pie chart)、曲線圖類(line chart)、表格類(table)。寫文章時(shí),首先要對(duì)圖表加以描述,而后引出主題加以討論,最后得出結(jié)論,也就是按照描述圖表—解釋原因—下結(jié)論的步驟來寫。切忌對(duì)圖表不作交代就直接談?wù)撝黝}。
1. 表格類作文的模式
表格類作文一般可以分為三段:第一段對(duì)表格中的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行描述,只要抓住變化規(guī)律即可,切忌一一列舉數(shù)據(jù);第二段說明變化的原因;第三段得出結(jié)論。即:
(1) Studying the table carefully, we can see...(仔細(xì)研讀表格,我們可以看出……)
(2) In my opinion, the reasons why...are as follows. Firstly...Secondly...Thirdly...(在我看來,為什么……的原因在于以下幾點(diǎn):第一……第二……第三……)
(3) To sum up...(總而言之……)
例1根據(jù)下列表格提供的數(shù)據(jù),簡單描述這幾年人們的飲食變化,并解釋原因。(詞數(shù)在100左右)
Changes in People’s Diet

按照以上模式,可擬寫如下:
Studying the table carefully, we can see that in the past four years, there have been great changes in people’s diet. Grain is on the decline from 47% to 45% while meat consump?鄄tion is increased. According to the table, vegetables are on the rise.
In my opinion, the reasons why people’s diet has been changedare as follows. Firstly, people’s living quality has been improved. They become richer and richer. Secondly, people become more careful and reasonable in arranging their diet. Thirdly, people pay more attention to their health.
To sum up, with the development of economy, people’s life has been greatly changed—it is also the case with people’s diet.
2. 圓餅圖類作文的模式
這類文章往往也可以分為三段:首段描述數(shù)字,第二段解釋原因,最后一段說明自己的觀點(diǎn)。
中學(xué)生天地·高中學(xué)習(xí)版
2007年9期