英語“系表”結(jié)構(gòu)考點(diǎn)探析

英語“系表”結(jié)構(gòu)是指“主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語”句型中的連系動(dòng)詞和表語。在英語學(xué)習(xí)過程中，“系表”結(jié)構(gòu)是學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn)之一，在近幾年各地的中考試卷中，“系表”結(jié)構(gòu)往往也是考查的重點(diǎn)之一。本文從連系動(dòng)詞和表語兩個(gè)方面，結(jié)合近幾年的中考試題，對(duì)系表結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行歸納和總結(jié)，希望能對(duì)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)這一語法知識(shí)有所幫助。

一、 連系動(dòng)詞

連系動(dòng)詞本身具有一定的詞義，但其不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)句子的謂語成分，必須和表語一起使用，構(gòu)成句子的謂語部分。連系動(dòng)詞為數(shù)并不多，常見的連系動(dòng)詞可以分為以下三類。

1. 表示狀態(tài)的連系動(dòng)詞

這類連系動(dòng)詞有be（是），stay（保持），keep（保持）， sit（坐），stand（站）， remain（保持），continue（持續(xù)）， lie（平躺）。

He never stays angry for long. 他生氣時(shí)間從來不會(huì)長(zhǎng)。

The cat was lying fast asleep by the fire.貓臥在爐火旁睡得很熟。

Stand still and I will take a picture of you.站穩(wěn)了，我給你照張相。

(2006 湖北武漢) —— I hear the weather will cold for another week.

——I hope not. I hate cold weather.

A. turn B. last C. get D. stay

2. 表示感覺的連系動(dòng)詞

這類連系動(dòng)詞有feel(感到)，look (顯得，似乎)，seem(好像，似乎)， appear(顯得，看來)， sound(聽起來)， smell(聞起來)， taste(嘗起來)， appear(顯得)。

We felt very happy when we heard the good news.聽到這個(gè)好消息，我們感到非常開心。

She looks nice in the dress.穿著這件裙子，她顯得很好看。

He seems very angry when he sees his son watching TV.看到兒子在看電視時(shí)，他看上去非常生氣。

(2006浙江杭州) ——Well， let’s go to visit the amusement park this Saturday.

——That great.

A. feels B. looks C. sounds

(2005黑龍江) The idea to eat in KFC ________ wonderful.

A. tastesB. soundsC. smellsD. feels

3. 表示轉(zhuǎn)變的連系動(dòng)詞

這類連系動(dòng)詞有g(shù)o(變得)， get(變得)， grow(變得，成為)， come（變成，實(shí)現(xiàn)）， become（變成）， fall（變成，變?yōu)椋?turn（變成）， run（變成，變得）。

Your wish will come true one day.你的愿望總有一天會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)。

In autumn leaves turn yellow.在秋天葉子變黃。

He became a doctor after he left school.他畢業(yè)后成了一名醫(yī)生。

（2006江蘇蘇州）——Is your stomachache getting ?

——No， it’s worse.

A. better B. badC. lessD. well

二、 表語

表語用來說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)。它的位置在連系動(dòng)詞之后，可用作表語的有名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語、動(dòng)詞不定式短語、動(dòng)名詞及從句。

1. 名詞作表語

Tom’s father is a teacher.湯姆的父親是一名教師。

The boy’s sister is an air hostess.這個(gè)男孩的姐姐是一名空姐。

(2006湖北孝感)The computer on the desk is .

A.twins B. the twin’s C. the twins D. the twins’

2. 代詞作表語

Who is it? It’s me.誰啊？是我。(人稱代詞)

The bike is yours.這輛自行車是你的。(物主代詞)

What I want is that.我所想要的是那個(gè)。(指示代詞)

He isn’t quite himself today.他今天有點(diǎn)情緒反常。(反身代詞)

Who is he?他是誰？(疑問代詞)

Whose is this umbrella?這把雨傘是誰的？(疑問代詞)

（2006浙江紹興）——Hey! There is a bag on the ground. Whose is it?

——There is a woman over there. Maybe it’s .

A. herB. hers C. she D. herself

3.形容詞作表語

The building is tall.這幢大樓很高。

Her window is broken.她的窗戶壞了。

The football match is very exciting. 這場(chǎng)足球比賽非常令人興奮。

（2006湖北荊州）——The ball is small，but I can’t throw it far.

——Neither can I. It’s too .

A. good B. oldC. heavyD. dirty

（2005福建寧德）Peter didn’t go to Mary’s birthday party because he was then.

A. free B. busyC. wellD. happy

（2004海南?？冢㎎ane looks so today because she has done well in her English test.

A. happy B. worridC. angryD. exciting

（2004重慶北碚）——You seem . What’s wrong?

——My son hurt his leg this morning.

A. worriedB. happyC. gladD. fine

(2006 江蘇南通) The food on the plate smells . You can’t eat it.

A. delicious B. badlyC. wellD. bad

(2006江蘇鹽城) In some foreign countries， such as Canada， children usually leave their parents when they grow up. It makes the old feel .

A. aloneB. lonelyC. frightenedD. enjoyable

(2007江蘇鹽城)The number of giant panda is getting because their living areas are becoming farmlands.

A. less and lessB. lager and larger

C. smaller and smaller D. fewer and fewer

（2006江蘇徐州）It’s sunny (sun) today. What about going on a picnic?

4.副詞作表語

My parents were out when you called.你打電話時(shí)，我的父母出去了。

My uncle has been away for two months.我的叔叔已離開兩個(gè)月了。

The light in the room is on.房間的燈亮著。

5.數(shù)詞作表語

Our monitor is always the first to come to school.

我們班長(zhǎng)總是第一個(gè)到校。

Four and five is nine.四加五等于九。

(2006 江蘇蘇州) It is said that the gravity on Mars is only about of the gravity on earth.

A. three-eighthsB. third-eighth

C. three-eightsD. third-eight

6. 介詞短語作表語

Your friend is at work.你的朋友在上班。

The post office is on Fifth Avenue.郵局在第五大街。

(2006陜西)——Who will be duty tomorrow?

——Susan will.

A. at B. onC. forD. in

(2006 遼寧沈陽) He became a famous writer when he was .

A. in his fifty B. in his fifties

C. in fifty years oldD. in fifties

7.動(dòng)詞不定式作表語

Your job is to clean all the windows.你的工作是擦所有的窗戶。

His dream is to be an inventor.他的夢(mèng)想是成為一名發(fā)明家。

The best idea is to stay here.最好的主意就是留在這兒。

The question is when to start.問題是該何時(shí)出發(fā)。

8.動(dòng)名詞短語作表語

Her hobby is collecting stamps.她的愛好是集郵。

My job is looking after the children.我的工作是照顧那些孩子。

My favourite activity is playing tennis.我最喜歡的活動(dòng)是打網(wǎng)球。

9. 用從句作表語

The trouble is that he can’t understand Chinese at all.麻煩是他根本不懂漢語。

That is why she was late for school today.這就是他今天為何遲到的原因。

The problem is how we can get there on time.問題是我們?nèi)绾文軠?zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)哪兒。

三、使用“系表”結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題

1.有些連系動(dòng)詞本身也可以是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，使用時(shí)不可混為一談。如：

I have kept the book for two weeks.這本書我借了兩個(gè)星期了。

He is smelling the rose.他正在聞玫瑰花（的香味）。

Farmers grow rice in the south.南方農(nóng)民們種水稻。

以上三例中keeep， smell， grow是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，而不能誤以為是連系動(dòng)詞。

2. 大多數(shù)形容詞既能作表語，又能作定語，但有些形容詞只能作表語而不能作定語， 這類形容詞又稱表語形容詞。如：

afraid(害怕的)， alone(孤獨(dú)的)， asleep(熟睡的)， alive(活著的)， awake(睡醒的)， worth(值得的)， unable(不能的)， ill(生病的)等等。

The boy is afraid of snakes.這個(gè)男孩怕蛇。

She was alone at home last night.昨晚她一人獨(dú)自在家。

Kitty is ill today.基蒂今天病了。

3.能作表語的副詞很少，它們往往是成對(duì)出現(xiàn)的，作表語的副詞多數(shù)表示位置：如in， out； inside， outside； on， off；back， away；up， down； here， there；upstairs， downstiars等等。

由形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來的副詞則不能充當(dāng)句子的表語。如：

We feel very happily.(happily應(yīng)改happy)

The wind is getting strongly.(strongly應(yīng)改為strong)

Tom is so politely.(politely應(yīng)改為polite)

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