中圖分類號:S53;X173;S543.6 文獻標志碼:A 文章編號:2095-6819(2025)05-1354-12 doi:10.13254/j.jare.2024.0450
Response and enzymatic mechanisms of Lolium perenne L.to combined cadmium and arsenic stress
XIE Xiaoyan1,DENGJiangdi2,QIHuacai1,LIANGXinran1,WANGLei1,LIYuan1*,LI Zuran3* (1.CollgeofsosdEviont,uagiclalUivesityKuingi;.Fcultyfialid Technology,YanAgiculturalUiversityKunming0lhina;3olgefanscapendHorticulture,Yuanlal University,Kunming , China)
Abstract:Theimpactofsingletoxictraceelementsonforagegrasshasreceivedwidespreadatention,butstudiesontheresponseof LoliumperenneL.toCd-Ascombinedtressaresarce.ToinvetigateteftsofCd-Asobindstressonthegrowhracteistics photosynthesis,enzyme mechanism and transporter of perennial ryegrass,in this study, L* perenne‘Nicaragua’and L. perenne‘Venus' were grown in a greenhouse with the following treatment groups : control group(Cd 0mg?kg-1 ,As 0mg?kg-1 ), Cd3As60(Cd 3 mg·kg-1 ,As 60mg?kg-1 ),Cd3As120(Cd 3mg?kg-1 ,As 120mg?kg-1 ),andCd3As180(Cd 3mg?kg-1 ,As 180mg?kg-1 ).Theaccumulation characteristics ofCd and Asin L* perenne,as wellas their enzymatic mechanisms,were analyzed.The results showed that compared with Cd3As60,underhigh-concentrationCd-Asstress,thecontentofMDAintheshootsof‘icaragua’and‘Venus’significantlyinceased ( 12.93%-24.73% and 16.02%-29.98% ),the activity of antioxidant system was enhanced.The chloroplast stroma thylakoid arrangement wasdisorderedlalldfdsulidosiscd28.32% and 1.75%-7.20% )and reduced biomass( 36.22%-54.56% and 2.96%-17.82% ).The content of Lsil protein in the shoot and root of‘Nicaragua’significantly increased by (12.23%-20.26% )and (13.39%-15.64% ),which increased the proportion of As in the soluble fractions( 2%-11% and 1%-12% ),thereby the As toxicity to cells was alleviated.Compared with Cd3As6O,under highconcentrationCdrssiteasfslstttiitto‘Veadtelleveld, the contentsof GSH,PCs,NPT,CAXandNrampreduced,whichdecreasedtheaccumulationof Cdinshootsandroots(8. 96%-13.18% and 9.47%-18.59% )and its proportion in soluble fractions ( 1%-9% and 0%-2% ). Cd-As stress could induce oxidative stress and cell membranestructuredamage,decreasethecontentofthiolsubstancesandtransportproteins,esultingineducedacumulationofCdand As in L. perenne.
Keywords:Cd-As combined stress; photosynthesis; enzymatic mechanism; transporter
鎘(Cd)和碑(As)均被國際癌癥研究機構列為I級致癌物1,其主要通過金屬冶煉、礦山開采和污水灌溉等工農業活動在土壤中不斷積累,導致農作物嚴重減產。我國農田Cd和As超標率達 7.0% 和 2.7%[2] O自然界的重金屬污染通常不是單獨存在的,Cd-As復合污染普遍存在于我國西南、華南地區,已成為我國南方土壤重金屬污染的主要形式3。國務院發布的《王壤污染防治行動計劃》指出在2030年對污染耕地的安全利用率應達到 95% ,以保障我國農田土壤環境質量和農產品質量安全。
多年生黑麥草(LoliumperenneL.)是廣泛種植的重要牧草,其生長快、生物量大、適應性強,對重金屬有一定的耐受性和富集能力,在低濃度Cd脅迫下能正常生長。Cd和As脅迫導致黑麥草的光合色素含量降低,抑制其生長[4-5],且As濃度升高對黑麥草生長的抑制更明顯。Cd、As復合脅迫下玉米總葉綠素含量呈現低促高抑的規律。Cd和As污染會破壞植物葉綠體類囊體膜結構從而降低葉綠素含量。隨Cd和As脅迫濃度增加,植物葉片葉綠體腫脹加劇,線粒體出現空洞現象,雙層膜結構模糊。研究表明Cd脅迫下,黑麥草的葉綠體數量減少,且與細胞壁發生質壁分離,液泡略微縮小[10]。多年生黑麥草的生長狀況與Cd和As在其細胞中的分布密切相關[]。
天然抗性巨噬細胞蛋白(Nramp)是廣泛存在于植物中的二價金屬轉運蛋白家族[12]。Nramp5蛋白定殖于質膜上,并在根系中高表達,參與根系對Cd的吸收和運輸[13]。重金屬ATP酶(HMA)和陽離子/H+交換體(CAX)是植物體內重要的Cd排出蛋白?!?br>