炭基牛糞有機肥對鹽漬化水稻土 水穩性團聚體組成和有機碳分布的影響

中圖分類號：S511;S156.4 文獻標志碼：A 文章編號：2095-6819（2025）05-1237-10 doi：10.13254/j.jare.2024.0591

Effects of carbon-based cow manure organic fertilizer on water-stable aggregate composition and organic carbon distribution insalinized paddysoil

ZHANG Qi，LIU Yanbo，DING Jinpeng，WU Jinggui* （College of Resources and Environment，Jilin Agricultural University， Changchun 1301O2， China）

Abstract：Fieldexperentwascarredoutinordertoexploretheefectsofdiferentcarbon-basedcowmanureorganicfertlrsonthe compositionofwatestableaggegatesanddiferentactieoganicbocotentsinszedddysoilndtolarifthetso structuralimprovementandcarbonsequestrationofszedpaddysoil.Teexperimentwasdiviedintofvetreatments：ontrol（CK）， cow manure organic fertilizer（NF）， 10% carbon-based cow manure organic fertilizer （ 10% NFC）， 30% carbon-based cow manure organic fertilizer （ 30% NFC）and cow manure biochar（NFC）.The rice yield，the contents of soilorganic carbon（SOC），labileorganic carbon （LOC）andnon-labileorganiccarbon（NLOC）insoilandwater-stableagregates，thecontributionrateoforganiceachcarbon components，tompositiondstabilityofateablegegtesdtioelationithgegateganicaboncompotse studied.Tersultssowedtatomparedithteotroltreaent，dfrentfertlatiotreamentsadbiousimprovemteton salinizedpadysoil.Amongthem，thetreatmentofcowmanureorganicfertilizerhadtheostsignificantectontheincreaseflabile organic carbonin thewhole soil，with anincrease of 54.37% ，and the treatment ofcowmanure biochar significantly increased the organic carbon content of the whole soil by 42.02% .The improvement effect of two carbon-based cow manure organic fertilizer treatments on salinized paddy soil was more significant.Compared with 30% carbon-based cow manure organic fertilizer treatment， 10% carbon-based cow manure organic fertilizer treatment was more helpful to increase soil organic carbon content， 0.053-lt;0.25 mm and lt;0.053 mm aggregate organic carbon content，average weight diameter（MWD），geometric mean diameter（ GMD ）and ≥0.25 mm aggregate content （ R_0.25 ）inwater-stable aggregates，with increases of 0.56% ， 2.33% ， 3.04% ， 7.69% ， 5.56% and 3.18 percentage points，respectively. Compared with 10% carbon-based cow manure organic fertilizer treatment， 30% carbon-based cow manure organic fertilizer treatment significantly increased the content of soil labile organic carbon，the organic carbon content of ?2 mm and 0.25-lt;2 mm aggregates and labile organic carbon content of water-stable aggregates of each particle size by 7.58% ， 3.41% ，7.59 % and 2.16%-13.05% ，respectively. The increase of rice yield in each fertilizer treatment was 15.18%-25.45% ，and the effect of 30% carbon-based cow manure organic fertizertreatmentwasthebest.Studieshaveshownthatcarbon-basedowmanureorganicfertlizercanmoreefectivelypromotethe forationofsolateableegespovetsabilityfetesrooeculficbied isconducivetoeaseofbilancbootigatetpreldddsldiseisl carbon content.

Keywords：carbon-based organic fertilizer; water-stableaggregate;soil organiccarbon;labile organic carbon

自前，全世界鹽漬化土壤面積約 9.5×10⁸hm² ，我國約有 3.6×10⁷hm² 鹽漬化土壤。受土壤鹽漬化影響，世界干旱和半干旱地區的作物產量損失高達 43% [2]。生物炭是由動植物殘體在完全或部分缺氧的條件下經熱解炭化產生的一類高度芳香化碳質材料，其具有比表面積大、吸附能力和抗分解能力強等特點[3。炭基有機肥是以生物炭為緩釋肥料載體材料，與作物秸稈及動物糞便混合而成的一種新型生態肥料，近年來得到了廣泛的關注和應用[4-5]。目前符合國家標準的炭基有機肥中，秸稈炭質量分數約 16%^[6] 。炭基有機肥兼具了生物炭和有機肥料的雙重優勢，同時克服了各自的不足，不僅能夠通過自身結構對養分有固持作用，還在炭基肥釋放后殘留于土壤的生物炭具有改善土壤環境、固碳減排等積極作用8。土壤團聚體與土壤有機碳聯系緊密，目前有諸多圍繞團聚體與有機碳的相互作用機制的研究。土壤團聚體是土壤顆粒經過膠結作用形成的個體，是土壤結構的基本單元，能夠通過團聚作用促進土壤有機碳的形成和轉化，土壤有機碳通常被看作土壤團聚體形成的重要膠結物質，其對土壤團聚體組成及穩定性有顯著影響[10]。增強土壤團聚體穩定性有助于促進土壤碳循環，提高土壤有機碳含量，改善土壤理化性質，進而反過來增強土壤團聚體穩定性[1]，由于物理保護、化學保護以及不同有機物料來源等固碳機制，使土壤有機碳在不同粒徑團聚體中分布不均[12]。……