

中圖分類號:X71 文獻標志碼:A 文章編號:2095-6819(2025)05-1309-14 doi:10.13254/j.jare.2025.0045
Fractionation of dissolved organic matter derived from wheat straw decomposition by ferrihydrite
WANG Xiaoyang',TANGXiaodan',LUOYajuan1,WANG Siyu1,NIUChengjian1,YANNal.2,MA Shuanglong1* (1.College ofesourcesndEnvioent,HenanAgriculturalUiversityZngzou4o6,na;2.SjiuangLngquanake GardenAffairs Center,Shijiazhuang O5O2Oo,China)
Abstract:Wheatstraw-deriveddissolvedorganicmater(WSDOM)isakeysubstratedriving themetabolismof decomposing microrganissandcorelinkcordinatingtheresourceutilzatioofgricultualwaste,teimprovementofsoilfunctios,theulatio ofenvironmentalrisks,ndteacievemntofaboneutraltgoals.Tosystematicallevealtheoleularompositioadstructral dynamiccharacteristicsofWSDOMandclarifythefractionationefectofgoethiteonitscomponents,thisstudyanalyedthelight absorptionproperties,molecularweightdistribution,fluorescencecomponents,andfunctionalgroupevolutionofWSDOMduring decompositionthroughmultiplespectroscopictechniquesandfractionationexperiments.Theresultsshowedthatasdecomposition progressed over 7-day cycles, SUVA254 ,SUVA26o,and A253/A203of WSDOM decreased from 1.73,1.68,and0.32 to 0.91,0.88,and 0.23, respectively,while E2/E3 significantlyincreasedfromtheinitial2.74to3.41,indicatingagradualdecrease inaromaticityandtheformation ofwater-isolubleacromoleularumus.Additioalytheelatiecotentofprotei-lkesubstanesinWireasdfro0.75 ondayOofdecompositiotoO81ondy3andtendeceasedtoO78onday7whileterelativecotentsfulvicacid-lkeadmc acid-likesubstancesdecreasedfrom0.172and0053onday0to0.144and0.044onday3andthenincreasedto0.202and0070onday 7.TheadsortionetofgoeteoWOatdieretecomposiidysassificantlyirentwitedsooetn WSDOM on day 3 being the most prominent,with an adsorption capacity(calculated in C)of up to 52.835mg?g-1 . During the decompositionprocess,protein-likesubstancesandvolatilefatyacidsweredecomposed,andunstablefulvicacid-likesubstances gradualltransfoeditous.Goethitedasigiantfractionatioetoigaroaticitygolelareghtdye containingcomponentsinWSDOM.Theresearchresultsprovideacertaintheoreticalbasisfordevelopingeficientandrapidstraw decompositiontechnologies,improvingtheefciencyofstrawresourceutilizationandthecarbonsequestrationandcarbonsink enhancement capacity of farmland soil.
Keywords:wheat straw; decomposition; dissolved organic matter; ferrihydrite; fractionation
小麥秸稈作為我國農業生產的重要副產品,年產量高達數億噸。傳統的處理方式,如焚燒會產生大量煙塵和有害氣體,如二氧化碳、一氧化碳、氮氧化物和顆粒物等,對環境造成嚴重污染,同時,我國于1999年出臺《秸稈禁燒和綜合利用管理辦法》,明確禁止在農田露天焚燒秸稈2。因此,直接還田利用是一種重要的秸稈腐解處理方法。由于小麥秸稈本身是一種優質的有機肥料,含有豐富的有機質和多種植物所需的營養元素,如氮、磷、鉀等,將其施用于土壤中,可以增加土壤有機質含量,改善土壤結構,提高土壤的保水保肥能力,從而減少土壤退化和侵蝕的風險[3-4]。
秸稈腐解是一個由微生物驅動的動態過程,有機質通過反復代謝、物理化學重組形成不同穩定性的組分。小麥秸稈腐解過程中產生的溶解性有機物(WSDOM)是由顆粒有機物經微生物轉化而成,也是有機物轉化最活躍的部分[5。WSDOM作為腐解微生物代謝的關鍵底物,其組成演化直接調控腐解腐熟度與穩定性;同時作為土壤碳庫核心組分,溶解性有機質(DOM)的穩定性通過影響碳固存與溫室氣體排放參與全球碳循環建模;此外,DOM通過驅動微生物群落重構、激活土壤酶系,主導碳、氮、磷等養分生物地球化學循環過程。張園等通過在腐解過程中對有機質和微生物群落動態變化的觀察,指出其所在的固-液界面是腐解過程中微生物活動和化學反應最活躍的場所。……