不同灌水量與腐植酸施加量對南疆玉米生長與氮素吸收利用的影響

中圖分類號：S513 文獻標志碼：A 文章編號：2095-6819（2025）05-1256-11 doi：10.13254/j.jare.2024.0763

Effects of different irrigation amounts and humic acid application amounts on maize growth and nitrogen absorptionandutilizationinsouthernXinjiang，China

ZHANG Zehual23，4，YEHanchun1，23，4*，WANGZhenhua，2.3，4，ZHANGJinzh1，23，4，LIWenhao1，234，LIHiiang ?^{1，2，3，4} ，HAN Yue1，2，3，4， LIANG Yonghui1，2.3，4， ZHENG Jiliang1，5

（1.Colegeofateseamp;ualg，iUveityOi;Kybato Water-SavingIrigationofXinjiangProductionamp;ConstructionGroup，Shhezi832OooChina;3.TechnologyInnovationCnterfor Agricultural WaterandFertlizerEficiencyEquipmentofXinjangProductionamp;ConstructionGroup，Shihezi832Ooo，China;4.Key LaboratoryofWaterConservatioAgricultureinorthwestOasis，inistryofAgricultureanduralAais，iezi82Oia;5. Xinjiang Xinlianxin Energy Chemical Co.，Ltd.， Changji 832218， China）

Abstract：EffectsofinteractionbetweenirigationamountandhumicacidapplicationamountonmaizeyieldandwaterandnitrognuseeffciencyunderdripiigationunderfiinsouheXinjiangwerestudiedTeexpermentwascariedoutin224regimentofKunyuCity in 2023.A total of 12 treatments were set up，including 4 humic acid application rates （T0：0kg?hm^-2 ，T1：15kg·hm-2，T2：30 kg·hm-2，T3： 45kg?hm^-2 ）and3irrigationamounts（W1：6600 m³?hm^-2 ，W2：7200 m³?hm^-2 W3：7800m³?hm^-2） .Irrigation amount， humic acid applicationamountandtheirinteractionhadsignificantfectsonabovegroundbiomassandnitrogenaccumulation.Theincreaseof irigation amountcould increase the aboveground biomassandnitrogenaccumulation，and the W3 level increased by 13.78% ， 33.75% and （20 1.50% ， 2.93% respectivelycompared with W1andW2levels.Whentheirrigationamount wasconstant，theaboveground biomassat T2 level was 5.35% 3.32% and 8.37% higher than that at To，T1 and T3 levels，respectively.The averageaccumulation rate of aboveground biomass and nitrogen accumulation reached the maximum under T2W3 treatment， which was 359.26kg?hm^-2?d^-1 and 3.02kg?hm^-2?d^-1 ： Irigatinmoutandumiccidaplcationmouthadgicantectsotrognabsoptiotrogentraspotandtrasporateof vegetative organs after tasseling stage（ P lt;0.01）.The irigation amount，humic acid application amount and their interaction had extremely significant effects on nitrogen use efficiency，irrigation water use efficiency and net income（ Plt;0.01 ），the treatment with the highest above indexes was T2W2，which was 8.56% ， 28.51% and 37.56% higher than ToW3（CK）treatment，respectively. The principal component analysis showed that the comprehensive evaluation score of the treatment with irigation amount of 7200m³?hm^-2 and humic acid application amount of 30kg?hm^-2 was the highest.Therefore，based on the results of one-year experiment，it is suggested that the treatment with irrigation amount of 7200m³?hm^-2 and humic acid application amount of 30kg?hm^-2 can provide theoretical basis for maize yield increase and eficient utilization of water and nitrogen in arid areas of southern Xinjiang.

Keywords：humic acid; irrigation capacity; corn; yield; water and nitrogen use efficiency

新疆地處西北干旱半干旱地區，具有豐富的光熱資源和土地資源，是增產潛力較大的玉米產區，但水資源短缺和土壤保水性較差成為限制玉米增產的重要因素。因此，在保證玉米產量的前提下，如何提高水氮利用效率對新疆玉米產業可持續發展具有重要意義。

水分是作物產量形成的關鍵驅動力，灌溉不足或過量均會對作物產量造成不利影響2。適量增加灌溉可促進作物生長與產量提高，但過量則會降低水氮利用效率[3-4]。水分虧缺會降低作物的水分利用率，影響氮素吸收和利用，從而削弱氮素對作物增產的效果5。減少灌水量能集中養分于根區，但可能引發水分不足或土壤養分濃度過高，影響根系吸收；反之，增加灌水量雖有助于作物生長，卻可能使養分分散于根外區域。近年來，通過施加腐植酸來調控肥料的氮素轉化以減少氮素流失，從而提高作物氮素利用效率成為研究熱點。腐植酸既是一種脲酶抑制劑，又是一種硝化抑制劑，其內富含親水基團（一COOH和一OH），能夠高效吸附土壤陽離子，對尿素產生較強吸附力，從而降低尿素分解速率，達到提高氮素利用效率的目的。通過不同腐植酸施加量對玉米增產效應的研究表明，施加腐植酸的處理植株氮素吸收量和產量分別較不施加腐植酸的處理增加 4.16%～27.70% 和 6.72%～14.32%¹⁸¹ 。

長期以來，學者們圍繞水氮因素對玉米產量及水氮利用的研究多集中于不同水氮梯度與減氮配施腐植酸等方面，但是玉米各生育時期的氮素累積量和氮素利用效率對不同灌水量與腐植酸施加量交互作用下的響應鮮有報道?！?br>