高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田示范區(qū)建設(shè)對(duì)耕地主要土壤養(yǎng)分的影響

中圖分類號(hào)：S158 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼：A 文章編號(hào)：2095-6819（2025）05-1299-10 doi： 10.13254/j.jare.2024.0746

Influences of high-standard farmland demonstration area construction on the main soil nutrientsof cultivated land

FANLei1， WEIPanpan'，GUOYan'，LIGuanghui，ZHANGHongli'，WANG Laigang'，CHENGYongzheng'，TANG Xianghui* （1.InstituteofgriculturalInformationTechnologyHnanAcademyofAgriculturalSciences，Zhengzhou450o，i;2.Han Province Soil and Fertilizer Station，Zhengzhou 45ooO2， China）

Abstract：Inordertostudytheimpactofhighstandardfarmlanddemonstrationareaconstructiononthemainsoilnutrientsofcultivated land，thisstudytooktheuhighstandardfarlanddemonsrationareaprojectinYuanyangountyXinxiangCityHean Province astheresearcharea.Using soilorganic mater（SOM），availablephosphorus（AP），available potassium（AK），andpHdata measuredby297groudsamplingpoints，fterordinaryKriginginterpolation（OK）generategradespatialdistributionmapsofachdex according tothenationalsoilmainproperty index gradingstandards，andthenanalyzedthespatialdistributionandgradechangeof soil nutrientsbeforeandfterhigstadardfarlandonstructioThesultssowdthatthiticalaveragevalusofSO，AdK in cultivated land after construction were increased by 0.1 g?kg^-1 ， 0.77mg?kg^-1 ，and 1.52mg?kg^-1 respectively compared with before construction. The values of soil pH before and after construction were in the range of 7.6-8.O，with a little change，showing weak alkalinity andbasicallgablodosoaialastgtsf pH were all less than 20% ，and the distribution of soil nutrient content in the study area had a strong spatial correlation.The OK interpolationresultsshowedthatmostof theareasofSOM，AP，andAKcontentincultivatedlandinthe studyarea wereabove 15g?kg^-1 20mg?kg^-1 ，and 100mg?kg^-1 respectively，all belonging to medium（level3）and above levels，andthe spatial distribution trendsbefore and after construction were basically the same.The areas occupied by higher or above content levels （level level 2） of SOM，AP，and AK after construction increased by 4.39% ， 13.72% ，and 13.65% respectively compared with before construction，and the areas occupied by low content levels （level 5）or relatively low content levels （level 4）after construction decreased by 3.92% ， 18.52% ，and 53.95% （204號(hào) respectivelycomparedwithbeforeconstruction.Thisindicatedthattroughtheiplementationofhigstandardfarmlandprojects，the distributionareaofoentareasofSO，A，nAKiniatedlandadniceasd，ndtistrbuioareaoflootet areashadbeenreducedEspcialy，heimprovementefectonteareasithlowerAPndAKcontentincultivatedlandaselatively obvious，thatwasthimprovementectontesoilfertitofpoorerculivatedlandaselativelyvious.Thrasfermatsults showedthattotetsfO，AndAKinlivaedlandinedalldelativelyosallicreasedaigat the mplementationofhighstandardfarmlandprojectshasarelativelyobviousimprovementefectonthegadedistributionofSOM，AP， and AK contents in cultivated land in the study area.

Keywords：high-standard farmland; cultivated land fertility; Kriging interpolation; soil nutrient

高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田一般是指田塊平整、集中連片、設(shè)施完善、節(jié)水高效、農(nóng)電配套、宜機(jī)作業(yè)、土壤肥沃、生態(tài)友好、抗災(zāi)能力強(qiáng)，且能與現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和經(jīng)營(yíng)方式相適應(yīng)的旱澇保收、穩(wěn)產(chǎn)高產(chǎn)的耕地。在高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田建設(shè)過程中，通過建設(shè)改造農(nóng)田基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、整治土地、改良土壤等措施，形成“田成方、林成網(wǎng)、渠相連、路相通、旱能澆、澇能排、產(chǎn)量高\(yùn)"的格局，努力提高糧食產(chǎn)能、改善土壤質(zhì)量、建設(shè)生態(tài)友好型的高質(zhì)量耕地，減少農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染，降低碳排放等農(nóng)業(yè)非期望產(chǎn)出，提高農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)能力及產(chǎn)值等期望產(chǎn)出[1-2]。高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田示范區(qū)是在前期高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田建設(shè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步建設(shè)高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田的升級(jí)版，其目的在于提升耕地地力、提高農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉效率、改善農(nóng)田生態(tài)環(huán)境等，達(dá)到全方位夯實(shí)糧食穩(wěn)產(chǎn)增產(chǎn)根基，落實(shí)“藏糧于地、藏糧于技\"戰(zhàn)略目的，發(fā)展新時(shí)代農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域新質(zhì)生產(chǎn)力，實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展[3-5]。河南是全國(guó)重要的農(nóng)業(yè)大省，在農(nóng)業(yè)強(qiáng)國(guó)建設(shè)中肩負(fù)著重要使命，截至2023年，河南累計(jì)建成高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田8585萬畝（1畝 =1/15 hm² ，下同），2022年9月，河南省發(fā)布了《河南省高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田示范區(qū)建設(shè)實(shí)施方案》，提出到2025年建設(shè)1500萬畝高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田示范區(qū)的目標(biāo)，以持續(xù)提升農(nóng)業(yè)綜合生產(chǎn)能力。持續(xù)推進(jìn)高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田建設(shè)、提升耕地地力，是鞏固和提高糧食生產(chǎn)能力、保障國(guó)家糧食安全的關(guān)鍵舉措，是實(shí)施鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略的重要支撐。

國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者對(duì)高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田的相關(guān)研究主要圍繞建設(shè)前的障礙因子識(shí)別診斷、適宜性評(píng)價(jià)、選址合理性、規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)等，建設(shè)過程的建設(shè)時(shí)序與整治、土地整理、深耕深松、建設(shè)過程監(jiān)管及農(nóng)業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展等方面[8-11]。……