巨菌草/首蓿間作下不同改良劑對煤矸石堆土壤性質的影響及植物生長生理響應

中圖分類號：S516 文獻標志碼：A 文章編號：2095-6819（2025）05-1342-12 doi：10.13254/j.jare.2024.0540

Effectsof different amendments on soil properties and physiological responses of plant growth under Pennisetum giganteum/Medicago sativa intercropping

LI Yangli，PANG Long2，HE Chengzhong2，LI Ying1，ZHAN Fangdong'，SONG Lin^2* ，LI B01*

（1.SchoolofRsoucsdEiontagiculualUesityugina;2.ingGalurfal

Resources Center， China Geological Survey， Kunming 650111， China）

Abstract：Theefectsofdiferentamendmentsonphysicochemicalpropertiesandplantgrowthanddevelopmentofcoalgngeunderte intercroppingconditionsofPeisemgiganteum/Medicagosatiawerestuded.Organicfertilizer，fungusresidueandcowmaurewee applied，andtechangesofsoilpysicalandchmicalpropertiesofoalganguepilesandthegrowthnddevelopmentstatesofthetwo plantswerecomparedwthdiferentamendmetsanddiferentplantigmodes，soatacieveteologicalrestorationofoalgange wasteland.TheapplicationoforganicfertliercouldsignificantlyincreasethecontentofvailablenutrientsandCECinthcoalgangue pilesoil.Theresultsshowdthatteavailablephosphorscontentofoalanguehapassignificantlyighertantatoftertratent groupsafter organic fertilizer application，and the content of alfalfa was significantly increased by 574.13% and 658.35% under the mono and intercropping modes of P ：giganteum，and 1 323.37% and 844.84% under the mono and intercropping modes of Medicago sativa. The applicationoffungussueadsifantftoplantomassandteomassoftetoantsuderinteroppingodosas higher than that of monoculture，which was 218.13g and 3.93g ，respectively.The plant heights of P .giganteum and Medicago sativa were higherthathoseofmonoculture，hichwere92.57cmand20.81cm，respectively，hichwere1.84timesand2.02timesthatofCK.The chlorophyllontentoftetoplantsassignificantlyincreasedaftertheaplicationofcowung，whichshowedthatitercoingwas beterthanmoocoppingUnderintercroppingcoditions，techlorophyllaontentsofthetwoplantsere0.2Og·nd1.3mg g^-1 which were significantly increased by 122.22% and 67.09% respectively，compared with CK.The application of organic fertilizer under intercroppngcansignificantlyincreasethecontentofavailablenutrients incoalganguepilesandincreaseplantheightandbioass.The application of cow dung can increase the chlorophyll content of both plants to a certain extent.

KeyWords：coal gangue; modifier; Pennisetum giganteum Z.X.Lin; Medicago sativa;soil property; physiologicalresponse

煤矸石是一種在煤炭開采、洗選及加工過程中排放的固體廢棄物，是我國排放量最大的工業固體廢棄物。煤矸石的堆積極大地降低了土地利用率，在長期堆放過程中其有害元素會通過地表徑流、雨水沖刷等滲入到周圍環境中，嚴重污染土壤、水體[-3]。煤矸石結構性和空隙性差，保水、保肥能力低，缺乏植被生長所需的營養物質，作物在煤矸石堆上難以生長，使得煤矸石山及周圍環境的生態恢復較難[4-5]。

植物修復被認為是煤矸石廢棄地生態修復的有效方法，植物可以改良土壤基質，而土壤基質的改良又可以促進植物生長[6-7]。巨菌草（Pennisetumgiganteum Z.X.Lin）為禾本科植物，是一種優質菌草，在荒坡地種植巨菌草后土壤的速效養分含量均有提升，因其生長快、生物量大、抗性強等特點具有巨大的應用潛能。紫花苜蓿（Medicagosativa）為豆科植物，其根系發達，抗逆性強，首蓿作為豆科植物在固氮方面具有突出表現，是一種優質牧草。在礦區廢棄地種植紫花苜蓿后，隨著種植年限的增加，礦區土壤得到顯著改良[10]。

間作可以有效利用光、水、熱、氣、肥，由于煤矸石廢棄地本身營養較為貧瘠，因此選擇豆科植物與禾本科植物間作，在改善土壤理化性質的同時有效促進植物的生長，提高土壤養分含量。通過研究巨菌草與茶樹間作發現，間作巨菌草對茶樹具有較好的遮陰效果，增加土壤養分含量，巨菌草與茶樹間作對改善土壤性質具有積極作用[2]。趙雅姣等進行3年紫花首蓿/小黑麥間作大田實驗，研究表明土壤肥力得到明顯增強，二者的間作顯著改善了根際土壤營養狀況和根際環境。……