
中圖分類號:U414 文獻標志碼:A 文章編號:2095-2945(2025)24-0099-04
Abstract:Inthisstudy,anumericalmodelofasphaltpavementwithcracksatthebottomofthebaselayerwasconstructed basedonABAQUS.Basedonthetheoryofelasticdynamicsandfracturemechanics,themechanicalresponsecharacteristicsof the stress concentration factors K1 and K2 of the cracked pavement under dynamic load of vehicles were analyzed,and compared with the static load test.The results show that K1 and K2 aresignificantly retarded under dynamic load,and K1 is 1.6 times that ofstaticloadduringcrackinitiation.Theinitialstageofcracksismainlyshearfailureunderstaticload,andcompositetensile and shear failure under dynamic load. During crack propagation, K1 first increases and then decreases,and K2 continuesto increase,with K1 and K2 dominant in the early and late stages respectively. Increasing the thickness and modulus of the base layercanefectivelyinhibitcrackpropagation.Theresearchrevealsthemechanismofcrackpropagationunderdynamicload, providestheoreticalsupportforpavementoptimizationdesign,andhasimportantguidingsignificanceforimprovingpavement performance.
Keywords: asphalt pavement; crack propagation; dynamic load; dynamic modulus; stress intensity factor
半剛性基層瀝青路面因優異路用性能而廣泛應用,其結構耐久性及裂損行為演化機理備受關注。研究表明,裂縫萌生階段的結構性能衰減是制約服役壽命的關鍵因素,其中動載作用下損傷路面的非協調力學響應顯著加劇細觀損傷累積,加速結構破壞進程。闡明動載-材料損傷耦合作用機制對完善養護決策體系具有重要理論意義。數值模擬技術為耐久性評估與裂尖奇異性分析提供有效工具。國內外學者通過構建理論模型揭示裂尖力學場演化規律,推動相關理論體系完善與工程防護技術創新2。柴艷春3采用平面有限元法分析瀝青路面裂縫,探討結構參數對 K 值的影響及裂縫擴展機制。然而,現有研究多關注表層反射裂縫,對基層裂縫的動載響應研究不足,基于準靜態力學模型的傳統分析方法在表征動態荷載作用下的結構非線性響應方面存在顯著局限性[4。本文基于ABAQUS構建含基層裂縫的瀝青路面模型,研究偏/正載作用下復合型應力強度因子 (K1,K2) 動態演化規律,揭示裂縫擴展控制參數,為路面耐久性設計與維護提供理論依據。
瀝青路面結構數值建模與參數化分析
1.1幾何模型構建及約束條件
本研究通過ABAQUS/Explicit平臺建立 10m×10m× 10m 四層三維有限元模型,在基層底部預設 4cm 初始裂縫。基于輪間弱耦合假設,構建單側雙輪簡化力學模型。采用C3D8R單元實現全域離散,通過裂縫尖端布置奇異性單元、加載區及裂尖網格加密策略,總單元量為12556個,確保模型兼具網格畸變適應性和位移解算精度。……