【中圖分類號】G861.9 【文獻標識碼】A 【文章編號】2095-2813(2025)21-0051-03
Physical Structure Characteristicsand Training Strategies of High-Level Canoeists
ZHOU Haisai
Zhejiang Provincial Water Sports Management Center,Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province,3117oo China [Abstract] The implementation ofscientific physical fitness training has always beena hot topic in thefeldof sports training,especiallincompetitivesportstraningpractice,scientificphysicalfinestrainingishighlyvalued.isstudy uses methods such as literature reviewand expert interviews to explore the physical fitnesstructure characteristics of high-level canoeistsand proposes training strategies basedonthis.The studysuggests that in terms ofbodyshape,highlevel athletes have long arms,well-developed upper limbs,thick and robust torso,and overal strength and symmetry. In terms of physicalftness, they posss good aerobicandanaerobic endurance,strength,and flexibility.Overall,the requirements forphysical fitnessarerelativelyhigh.Basedon this,training practice strategies proposed include: emphasizing basic physical fitnesstraining to consolidate the foundation of physical fitness; strengthening specific endurance training to enhance the body's metaboliccapacity;paying atention to flexibility training ofkeyareas to improve theflexibilityof jointsand muscles;and reasonably controling the load of physicalftnesstraining to avoid excessive fatigue.
[Keywords] Canoeing;Physical fitness training;Physical fitness structure characteristics;Sports trainingpractice
運動訓練學研究將體能視為運動員競技能力的重要構成要素,是運動員訓練與競賽的重要基礎[1]。體能是以人體三大供能系統為能量代謝活動的基礎,通過骨骼肌表現出來的運動能力。狹義上的體能主要指身體素質,包括力量、耐力、速度、柔韌以及靈敏等。
從現代競技體育發展來看,對運動員體能訓練高度重視,強調科學化提升運動員體能素質。皮劃艇作為體能主導類競賽項目,其核心競技能力是體能[2]作為一項速度耐力性的競技體育運動項目,在競技比賽過程中,運動員主要通過完成推、拉、蹬伸及轉體等技術動作,推動皮劃艇快速前進。皮劃艇運動的上述項目特點決定了運動員必須具備良好的體能素質,才能取得理想的運動成績,例如力量、耐力等。無論是運動員還是教練員,只有深入認識皮劃艇運動員體能結構特點[3],才能基于相關特征實施更有針對性的訓練,取得理想的訓練效果。
該研究以高水平皮劃艇運動員為對象,剖析其體能結構特征,明確體能要素的核心構成及作用機制,構建基于項目特點的體能訓練策略,為教練員制訂個性化訓練方案提供理論依據,填補高水平運動員體能研究的應用空白,推動競技訓練的科學化發展。
1高水平皮劃艇運動員體能結構特征
1.1 身體形態特征
皮劃艇比賽中,運動員需借助特制的槳,通過劃動槳推動船艇向前滑行。只有具備較長的劃動距離,才能獲得更快的速度。……