中圖分類號:R714.43 文獻標志碼:A DOI:10.11958/20250839
Expression levels and clinical significance of miR-1227-3pand miR-212-3p in serum and placenta in puerperas with fetal growth restriction
CUI Huan, GAO Ying△,YANG Junjuan, GUO Ying, YE Qing DepartmentofObstetricsand Gynecology, Zhengzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zhengzhou 450ooo,China Corresponding Author E-mail: 33233837@qq.com
Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the expression levelsand clinical significance of serumand placental microRNA (miR) -1227- sp and miR-212-3p in puerperas with fetal growth restriction (FGR). MethodsA total of 12O puerperas diagnosedwithFGRandcompleteddelivery inourhospital were includedasthe study group.Patients wereasigned into the mild group ( n =72) and the severe group( n =48)according to the severity of their condition.Another 12O healthy puerperas who underwent prenatal check upsand delivered during the same period inour hospital were included as the control group. QRT-PCR was used to detect serum and placental miR-1227- 3p and miR- 2I2 二 3p . The pregnancy outcomes of both groups were recorded,including neonatal weight,1min Apgar score,placental weightand placental volume.ResultsSerumand placental miR-1227-3p expresion levels,neonatal weight,1minApgar score,placental weightand placental volume were significantly lower in the study group than those of the control group ( Plt;0.05 ),while serum and placental miR-212- βp (20 expression levels were significantly higher than those of the control group ( Plt;0.05 ). The expression levels of miR-1227- 3p (20 in serum and placenta of the severe group were obviously lower than those of the mild group ( Plt;0.05 ),while the expression level of miR-212-3pwas obviously higher than those of the mild group ( Plt;0.05 ).Theexpressionlevels of miR-1227-3p in serumand placenta werepositivelycorrelated withneonatal weight,1minApgarscore,placentalweightandplacental volume,and the expression levels of miR-212- 3p in serum and placenta were negatively correlated with the above indicators ΔPlt;0.05 ).MultivariateLogisticregressionanalysis revealed thatelevatedserumandplacentalmiR-212-3plevelswererisk factors for FGR( Plt;0.05 ),and increased serumand placental miR-1227- 3p ,neonatal weight,1 min Apgar,placental weight and placental volumewereprotective factors ( Plt;0.05 ).Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the diagnostic value of combined detection of serum and placenta miR-1227- 3p and miR-212-3p levels for FGR wasbetter than that of single diagnosis.ConclusionThe combined detection of miR-1227-3p and miR-212- 3p in serum and placenta of FGR puerperas has certain value in the clinical diagnosis of FGR.
Key words:fetal growth retardation; placenta; serum; pregnancy outcome; miR-1227-3p; miR-212-3p
胎兒生長受限(fetal growth restriction,FGR)是圍產期一種常見并發癥,可顯著增加不良妊娠結局風險,表現為胎兒生長發育遲滯、宮內死亡風險升高及新生兒病死率上升[1]。FGR發病機制復雜,胎盤-臍帶系統異常是重要誘因之一,胎盤功能障礙(如發育異常、生長受限及功能受損)會直接影響胎兒的營養供給和生存狀態[2]。此外,多胎妊娠、遺傳缺陷、母體營養不良、妊娠期高血壓等慢性疾病以及宮內感染等因素也被證實與FGR發生密切相關[3-4]。因此,探索FGR相關血清標志物對其早期篩查和臨床診斷具有重要意義。近年研究發現,微小核糖核酸(microRNA,miR)作為一類高度穩定的非編碼RNA,可通過調控細胞增殖、凋亡等生物學過程參與疾病進展,且在血液和組織中易于檢測[5-6]。其中,miR-1227-3p 被證實與FGR病理進程相關,而miR-2I2-3p 在FGR中高表達[8]。然而,目前關于miR-1227-3p 、miR-212-3p與FGR關系的研究尚鮮見。基于此,本研究通過檢測FGR產婦血清及胎盤組織中miR-1227-3p和miR-212-3p的表達水平,探討二者在FGR臨床診斷中的應用價值。
1對象與方法
1.1研究對象選取2022年6月一2024年6月于我院確診為FGR并完成分娩的產婦120例作為研究組。納入標準:(1)符合FGR診斷標準[9],足月新生兒患者體質量 lt;2500g 或 lt; 同孕齡患者體質量、腹圍的第10百分位數;(2)單胎妊娠;(3)自然受孕;(4)臨床資料完整;(5)自愿接受隨訪至分娩。排除標準:(1)重要器官功能不全者;(2)惡性腫瘤者;(3)存在FGR家族史;(4)有免疫、血液系統疾病;(5)孕期吸煙、飲酒者;(6)羊水異常;(7)胎盤早剝。另選取本院同期產檢并完成分娩的健康產婦120例為對照組。納入標準:(1)年齡20\~38歲;(2)單胎、孕周明確;(3)按時產檢;(4)在本院建檔并完成分娩。排除標準同研究組。本研究經我院倫理委員會批準(批準號:20220024),獲得所有研究對象知情同意,并簽署知情同意書。
1.2 研究方法
1.2.1一般資料收集收集2組年齡、體質量指數(bodymassindex,BMI)、身高、分娩孕周、分娩方式、孕次、產次等一般資料。
1.2.2血清與胎盤 miR-I227-3p.miR-2I2-3p 檢測采集患者孕9\~12周入組當日的空腹靜脈血 5mL ,經 3500×g 離心10min 后分離血清,保存至 -20°C 樣品箱待檢;胎盤娩出后立即選取母體面中央區域(避開壞死及鈣化灶)切取 1cm3 組織樣本,經預冷PBS沖洗后液氮速凍 5min ,隨后轉移至 -80°C 保存。采用Trizol試劑(北京凱詩源公司)分別提取血清及胎盤組織總RNA,使用超微量分光光度計(ThermoScientific)檢測RNA純度和濃度,符合標準者進行反轉錄合成cDNA,進行qRT-PCR反應,引物序列見表1。反應體系 (20μL) :cDNA 2μL ,2×SYBRGreenMasterMix 10μL ,上、下游引物各0.5μL ,加 ddH20 至 20μL 。反應條件: 95°C 預變性 15min 95℃變性15s,65℃退火/延伸45s,40個循環,各樣本重復3次。以 Uδ 為內參基因,采用 2-ΔΔCt 法計算 miR-I227-3p 和miR-212-3p的相對表達量。

1.2.3妊娠結局指標記錄2組妊娠結局,包括新生兒體質量 .1minApgar 評分、胎盤質量和胎盤體積。(1)新生兒體質量:出生后即刻使用校準電子秤測量。 2)1minApgar 評分:于出生后 1min 評估心率、呼吸、肌張力、喉反射及皮膚顏色5項體征,每項0\~2分,總分10分。(3)胎盤質量:新生兒娩出后待胎盤自然排出,清除表面殘留物,置于醫用電子秤上直接測量。(4)胎盤體積:測量胎盤長(L)、寬(W)、高(H)最大徑線,計算公式:胎盤體積 =0.523×L×W×H
1.2.4FGR嚴重程度評估根據FGR病情嚴重程度1將研究組患者分為輕度組(評估新生兒體質量 ∠ 胎齡的第10百分位,且 L? 第3百分位)72例和重度組(評估新生兒體質量 lt; 胎齡的第3百分位)48例。
1.3統計學方法采用SPSS25.0軟件分析數據。計量資料以x±s表示,2組間比較采用獨立樣本 t 檢驗;計數資料以例(% 表示,組間比較采用 χ2 檢驗;相關性分析采用Pearson法。采用Logistic回歸分析FGR的影響因素;繪制受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線分析血清和胎盤miR-1227-3p、miR-212-3p表達水平對FGR的診斷價值,曲線下面積(AUC)比較采用Delong檢驗。 Plt;0.05 為差異有統計學意義。
2結果
2.1研究組與對照組一般資料比較2組的年齡、BMI、身高、分娩孕周、分娩方式、孕次和產次比較差異均無統計學意義( (Pgt;0.05 ),見表2。

2.2研究組與對照組血清和胎盤 miR-I227-3p 、miR-212-3p表達水平比較與對照組比較,研究組血清和胎盤 miR-I227-3p 表達水平降低, ,miR-2I2- 3p 表達水平升高 (Plt;0.05) ,見表3。


2.3研究組與對照組妊娠結局指標比較研究組新生兒體質量、 1min Apgar評分、胎盤質量和胎盤體積均低于對照組 (Plt;0.05) ,見表4。


2.4不同嚴重程度FGR血清和胎盤 miR-I227-3p 、miR-212-3p表達水平比較與輕度組比較,重度組血清和胎盤 miR-I227-3p 表達水平降低,miR-212-3p 表達水平升高 (Plt;0.05 ),見表5。
2.5研究組血清和胎盤 miR-I227-3p miR-212-3p與妊娠結局指標的相關性血清和胎盤 miR-I227-3p 表達水平與新生兒體質量 .1minApgar 評分、胎盤質量、胎盤體積呈正相關,血清和胎盤 miR-2I2-3p 表達水平與上述指標呈負相關
,見表6。



2.6FGR的影響因素分析以是否發生FGR(是 σ=σ 1,否 =0 )作為因變量,以血清和胎盤 miR-I227-3p 、miR-212-3p、新生兒體質量, .1minApgar 評分、胎盤質量、胎盤體積為自變量[經檢驗方差膨脹因子(VIF) lt;5 ,不存在嚴重共線性],進行多因素Logistic回歸分析。結果顯示,血清和胎盤 miR-2l2-3p 表達水平升高為FGR的危險因素 (Plt;0.05 ,血清和胎盤miR-1227-3p表達水平、新生兒體質量 .1minApgar 評分、胎盤質量、胎盤體積增加為保護因素( (Plt; 0.05),見表7。


2.7血清和胎盤 miR-I227-3p…miR-2I2-3p 對FGR的診斷價值ROC曲線分析結果顯示,血清miR-1227-3p、miR-1227-3p聯合診斷FGR的AUC均高于單獨診斷( Z 分別為 2.702,2.713,Plt;0.05) ,胎盤miR-I227-3p…miR-2I2-3p 聯合診斷FGR的AUC均高于單獨診斷( Z 分別為 2.710,2.718,Plt;0.05, ,見圖1、2,表8、9。




3討論
FGR常見病理機制是胎盤功能不全,當胎盤功能受損時,胎兒不能達到其內在的生長潛力[1]。胎盤相關FGR的主要病理過程始于妊娠早期子宮螺旋動脈重塑異常,這一缺陷導致母胎血流灌注不足,進而引發胎盤血管阻力增高、局部梗死灶形成及營養物質轉運障礙,最終造成胎盤功能失代償[12]。有文獻報道,我國FGR發病率為 6.39% ,而早期診斷并干預可有效提高新生兒生存率[13]。因此,探索FGR特異性生物標志物具有重要臨床價值。
人類胎盤發育過程中,滋養層細胞通過侵入子宮內膜完成母胎物質交換,因其與腫瘤細胞生長相似,胎盤生長發育受到嚴格的基因調控,故胎盤被認為是假惡性組織,當滋養層細胞發生異常時,可能會導致FGR等妊娠并發癥[14-15]。miRNA是由22個核苷酸構成的高度保守的非編碼RNA,通過降解靶mRNA、抑制蛋白質合成,廣泛參與真核生物的細胞增殖與凋亡調控[16]。研究發現,多種miRNA與滋養層細胞疾病有關,其通過調控靶mRNA參與調節胎盤滋養層細胞的生長,其表達失衡時可能加重FGR[17]。miR-1227-3p位于人19號染色體上,在多種惡性腫瘤中均有表達,其在骨肉瘤中表達顯著下調,長鏈非編碼RNAOR3A4可通過海綿 miR-I227-3p 促進骨肉瘤細胞的增殖和侵襲[I8。胎盤HTR-8/SV細胞與腫瘤細胞有較多相似之處(如快速增殖、血管浸潤等),胎盤HTR-8/SV細胞異常凋亡可導致胎盤功能障礙,從而影響胎兒發育9。有研究發現,miR-1227-3p對滋養層細胞HTR-8/SVneo具有重要調控作用,其表達下調可抑制細胞增殖,誘導細胞凋亡,是影響FGR發育的關鍵調節因子7]。miR-2I2-3p 與低出生體質量等不良妊娠結局有關[20]。磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B(PI3K/AKT)信號通路在滋養層細胞中起著重要作用, miR–2I2– 3p 表達水平降低時可顯著上調HTR-8/SVneo細胞中PI3K和AKT的磷酸化水平,激活PI3K/AKT信號通路,進而調控細胞生物學功能2]。有研究表明,miR-212-3p在FGR中表達上調,其通過靶向抑制胎盤生長因子,抑制滋養層細胞增殖、遷移和侵襲[8]。也有研究發現,妊娠期高血壓產婦血清 miR-2I2-3p 表達水平顯著升高,且與FGR發生密切相關,提示miR-212-3p對FGR具有潛在的預測價值22]。本研究結果顯示,與健康產婦相比,FGR產婦血清及胎盤組織中 miR-I227-3p 表達水平均降低, ?miR-2I2-3p 表達水平均升高;且與FGR輕度組比較,重度組血清和胎盤組織中 miR-I227-3p 表達水平降低,miR-2I2-3p 表達水平升高。由此提示 miR-I227-3p 和miR-212-3p可能通過調控下游靶基因,影響滋養層細胞分化、凋亡等關鍵過程,進而參與FGR的病理進展。
本研究進一步發現,研究組新生兒體質量、1minApgar評分、胎盤質量、胎盤體積顯著低于對照組,提示上述參數與FGR臨床嚴重程度存在病理關聯。相關性分析結果顯示,血清和胎盤miR-1227-3p,miR-212-3p 表達水平與上述參數均有相關性,提示二者通過調控胎盤發育影響新生兒結局。多因素Logistic回歸分析顯示,血清和胎盤 miR-2I2-3p 、miR-1227-3p表達水平,新生兒體質量, 1minApgar 評分,胎盤質量以及胎盤體積均為FGR的影響因素;ROC曲線分析結果顯示,血清和胎盤 miR-I227-3p 、miR-212-3p聯合診斷FGR的效能優于單獨診斷,可有效提高對FGR的診斷價值。
綜上所述,FGR產婦血清和胎盤組織中miR-1227-3p 表達水平明顯降低, ,miR-212-3p 表達水平明顯升高,二者均與妊娠結局指標有關,且二者聯合檢測對臨床診斷FGR有較高價值。后續有待多中心、大樣本研究進一步驗證。
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