Application of Quantum Dot Technology in the Rapid Detection of Norfloxacin in Animal-Derived Foods
MA Zhenwei, PAN Guodong, CHEN Xia, LI Yuan, YANG Lan (Hebei Food Qualityand Safety Technology Monitoring Center, Shijiazhuang O5oo91, China)
Abstract: The problem of drug residues caused by the wide use of norfloxacin in livestock,poultry and aquaculture is becoming increasingly serious,which puts forward higher requirements for detection technology. Quantum dot technology has become a key means to construct new detection systems due to its excellent fluorescence properties,good interface modifcation ability and structural controllability.This paper systematically reviews the quantum dot detection methods based on immune recognition, aptamer recognition and molecular imprinting mechanisms,compares their differences in construction methods,types of adapted samples and detection performance,and analyzes their applicability in rapid screening ofcomplex matrices,aiming to provide atheoretical basis and technical reference for the rapid detection of small molecule drug residues in animal-derived foods.
Keywords: quantum dot; norfloxacin; animal-derived food
諾氟沙星作為一種氟喹諾酮類抗菌藥物,因其抗菌譜廣、成本低、代謝穩定等特點,被廣泛應用于畜禽養殖與水產養殖領域。然而,其在動物源性食品中的殘留問題日益突出,長期攝入可能對人體肝腎功能、免疫系統及微生物耐藥性產生不良影響,已成為食品安全監管的重點控制項目。現有檢測方法如高效液相色譜、氣質聯用等雖具有良好靈敏度,但檢測流程復雜、設備依賴性強、現場適應性差,難以滿足基層快檢與大規模篩查的需求[1]。
在此背景下,基于納米材料的熒光檢測技術獲得廣泛關注。量子點因具備尺寸可控、發光性能優異、表面功能化程度高等優勢,在構建高靈敏度、可現場化的藥物殘留檢測體系中展現出巨大潛力。通過調控其結構與表面性質,可實現與多種識別結構的協同集成,從而完成對目標分子的高效識別與熒光響應。本文圍繞量子點在動物源性食品諾氟沙星快速檢測中的實際應用展開,系統梳理其識別機制構建路徑與工程化發展現狀,為后續技術優化與推廣提供參考依據。
1量子點技術的原理
量子點(QuantumDots,QDs)是一類由半導體材料構成的納米晶體,尺寸通常在 2~10nm 。其核心物理特性來源于量子限域效應,當其尺寸縮小至激子玻爾半徑以下時,電子和空穴的運動受限,能帶結構轉變為離散能級,從而賦予其獨特的光學性能。具體表現為激發光譜寬、發射光譜窄、波長隨粒徑可調、熒光強度高且穩定性強,適合構建高信噪比的熒光檢測體系。……