文縣白馬人“池哥晝”傳承保護的現實困境與路徑選擇

【中圖分類號】J702 【文獻標識碼】A 【文章編號】2095-7009（2025）04-0025-07

Realistic Dilemmasand Path Selection for Preservation and Transmission of Baima People’s“Chigezhou” in Wen County

LU Jian-ping

(School of Literature and Media，Longnan Normal University， Cheng County 7425oo， Gansu，China）

Abstract:The endangered national-level Intangible Cultural Heritage，“Chigezhou”，isaritualistic maskeddanceperformed annuallybytheBaima peoplein WenCountyfrom thel3th tothe18thdayof thefirstlunar monthintheirrespective villages. Itaims to invoke divineblessings for aprosperous harvest，thriving population，peace，and harmonyin the coming year.In 2008，duetoits rich embodiment ofancient culturalcodes tracing back to theorigins of Chinesecivilization，it was includedinthefirstbatchof national IntangibleCultural Heritage extensionprojects.Basedonyearsoffieldwork in Baima vilages in Wen County，this study examines thecurrent state and challnges of preserving and transmitting“Chigezhou”through interviews with inheritors and vilagers regarding theirideaonitssafeguarding.The paper proposes pathways such as strengthening the Baima people'scultural identity，nurturing inheritors，ensuring the alocation of dedicated funds，and leveraging“internet + cultural tourism”to revitalize“Chigezhou”in contemporary society. Under the framework of“diversitywithin unity，”fostering the inheritanceof Baima cultureand promoting Chinese culture are mutually reinforcing rather thancontradictory，therebycontributing to theconstructionofa shared spiritual homeland for the Chinese nation.

Key words:Baima people in Wen County； Intangible Cultural Heritage；Chigezhou；preservation and transmision；path selection

白馬人現集中生活在四川平武縣、九寨溝縣和甘肅文縣、舟曲縣的大山深處，約2萬余人[1」文縣白馬人自稱“達嘎貝”，“白馬人”是其他民族對他們的俗稱，是一個有語言而無文字的族群。

白馬語屬漢藏語系藏緬語族藏語支北部方言[2]從人文地理版圖看，該區域位于費孝通先生所言的“藏彝走廊”東北端，處在漢、藏兩大文化圈之間[]。這里，自古民族種類繁多，且支系復雜，民族文化多樣性突出，留存有大量古老文化遺存，文縣白馬人“池哥晝\"即為一例。2008年，“池哥晝”因其富含中華文明起源的遠古文明密碼而被列入第一批國家級非物質文化遺產擴展項目名錄①，備受各界高度關注。然而，近二十多年間，在現代化、工業化、城鎮化浪潮沖擊下，白馬人傳統農耕生計方式發生了巨大變化，致使依存于農耕社會的“池哥晝”的傳承與保護陷入諸多困境，如現有傳承人年齡偏大，新生代參與“池哥晝\"傳承的主動性不強，積極性不高等。面對如此環境，如何傳承保護“池哥晝\"這一國家級非物質文化遺產（以下簡稱“非遺”)，不僅是擺在“文化持有人\"面前急需解決的問題，也是需要地方政府重視破解的難題，更是學界值得關注的課題?；诖怂伎?，本文立足多年田野調查所得，從“池哥晝”發展現狀中發現其傳承與保護所面臨的挑戰與機遇，進而剖析造成“池哥晝”傳承困境的深層原因，試圖提出“池哥晝\"傳承保護的長效機制，以期為瀕危國家級非遺“池哥晝\"的傳承保護做出些許學理貢獻?！?br>