中圖分類號:TQ325;TM21 文獻標志碼:A
文章編號:1001-5922(2025)07-0106-04
Abstract:In view of the open circuit and short circuit faults that occur in the processof cable use afected by the aging of insulating materials,it is necessary to carryout systematic tests for the aging ofcable insulating materials, and take targeted countermeasures in time to ensure the safe and eficient operation of cables.Due to the problems of low sensitivityand poor noise immunityof traditional Time Domain Reflectance(TDR)in detectingcable insulation agingand minorfaults in complex industrial environments,a cable fault test system based on Chaotic Time Domain Reflectance (CTDR)was proposed.By using the wide spectrum characteristics and strong anti-interference abilityof chaoticsignals,combined with the improvedcrosscorrelation algorithmand adaptive threshold analysis technology,the identificationaccuracyof weak reflectedsignalscanbefullyimproved,and thequantitativeevaluation of cable insulation aging degree and the precise positioning offault points can be realized,soas to provide a high-reliability solution for the monitoring of power cable health status.
Key words:chaotic time-domain reflections;cables;faults;test system;design
電纜作為電力傳輸與信息交互的核心載體,極易在長時間運行下出現絕緣老化問題,嚴重威脅電網安全。在電纜絕緣材料老化故障測試中,傳統時域反射法受限于脈沖信號帶寬,在復雜拓撲電纜網絡中的檢測分辨率普遍低于 1m ,難以滿足現代電力系統精細化運維需求[1]。為突破這些限制,實現電纜故障高精度定位與實時監測,相關學者嘗試將寬帶微波混沌信號應用于電纜故障檢測的新領域。如王洋針對傳統光纖檢測技術中動態范圍與空間分辨率相互制約的難題,創新性地開發了一種基于混沌光調制的時域反射檢測系統,其通過構建相位隨機化的類噪聲混沌源,結合實時調制策略驅動半導體激光器,成功生成了具有寬頻譜特性的混沌探測光脈沖,有效規避了傳統線性調頻方法中的信噪比衰減問題,為長距離光纖網絡的精準故障定位提供了新途徑[2]。
為解決電力電纜絕緣缺陷精準檢測難題,范亞洲在其研究中提出融合混沌反射與信號處理的檢測方法,即通過變分模態分解與自適應小波包技術實現噪聲分離,結合閾值篩選完成信號凈化,然后利用混沌時域反射技術分離參考/探測信號,通過分析反射信號相關峰的時間延遲與幅值特性,實現電纜絕緣缺陷的亞米級定位(±0.3m)與類型識別[3]。本研究基于相關學者研究成果,創新性地開發了一種基于混沌光調制的時域反射檢測系統,期望利用其探測精度高、功能齊全、體積小、便攜、方便使用、長期穩定運行等優點有效克服傳統方法的短板,為精確監控電纜健康狀況和及時排查潛在問題提供強有力支持。……