草紅花秸稈栽培雞腿菇試驗(yàn)

中圖分類號：S646 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼：A 文章編號：1673-2871（2025）06-188-06

Experiment on cultivating Coprinus comatus with grass safflower straw

GUO Shumei'， WANG Linying， DING Hongfeng'， NIE Junyuel， NIU Zhenfu’，LI Mengjie2， WEI Jian. feng'，WANG Qinghua3

（1.ShandonguedinUeitiddical Techologyodgg99donnabulelontCdb China）

Abstract：Tostudytheeffectof grasssaflower strawonthemyceliumandfruiting bodycharacteristicsofCoprinus comatus，the experiment used the variety Tebai36as experimental material.Traditional formulation（ 30% cottonseed husk， 55% corncob， 10% bran and 5% lime）was used as the control. Grass safflower straw wasadded to the cultivation substrate at 5% 10% 15% 20% and 30% ，and the mycelium， yield， appearance， nutrients and amino acid content of Coprinus comatus were measured and analyzed for corelation.Theresults showed that mycelial germinationrate，mycelium fullbag rate，yield，mushroom densityandstipe diameterofCoprinus comatus wereincreasedintheculture medium with the addition of grass safflower straw compared to the control. Among them，the culture medium with 15% safflower straw hadthehighestyieldofCoprinuscomatus，witha bioconversionrateof 101.25% ，which was 39.18% higher than thatof the control.The shortest turning timewas 2.33d ，andthemaximumfruitbodydensitywas 0.85g?mL^-1 .Theproportion of capwaslowat0.265of the total length.Thecontentofreduced sugars，polysaccharides，andtotalsugarsinthe fruiting bodies was the highest at 3.87% 10.70% and 28.79% ，respectively.The crude fibre content was the lowest at 3.19% . The content of essentialamino acids，medicinalaminoacids，and total amino acids was highest at8.23，1o.01 and 18.263g?100g^-1 respectively.In conclusion，theaddition of grass safflower straw canpromote the mycelial growth ofCoprinus comatus， increase the production of fruiting bodyand the content of nutrients，especiallthe contentof medicinalcompoents. Grassaffowerstraw is an excelent substrate for the cultivation of Coprinus comatus，with the bestresultsachievedat （20 15% ，

Keywords：Coprinuscomatus;Grasssafflower straw;Newcultivationsubstrate

食用菌產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展歷史悠久，屬于現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)業(yè)化農(nóng)業(yè)種植范疇，是國家鼓勵(lì)并大力扶持的現(xiàn)代化種植業(yè)及新形態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)[，目前我國已成為世界上最大的食用菌生產(chǎn)、出口和消費(fèi)國。食用菌是集食用、營養(yǎng)、保健、藥用、文化、觀賞等價(jià)值于一體的第五大種植農(nóng)作物[3-4]。生產(chǎn)中通常以木屑、棉籽殼、玉米芯、稻草等農(nóng)林廢棄物為原料[5，原料價(jià)格的不斷上漲和國家對環(huán)保節(jié)能要求的不斷提高，導(dǎo)致各類食用菌的生產(chǎn)成本增加，種菇效益降低。

草紅花是一種重要的農(nóng)業(yè)和工業(yè)作物，它抗旱耐堿、抗病耐瘠，生命力強(qiáng)，適應(yīng)范圍廣，我國草紅花資源豐富，品種繁多，栽培地域廣闊，在國際上具有“綠色食品”之稱，山東是我國重要的紅花種植和加工基地之一，紅花年產(chǎn)量在40萬t以上[9]。隨著農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整和鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略的逐漸深入，生產(chǎn)中急需對以中草藥為代表的特色農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)、加工過程中產(chǎn)生的副產(chǎn)物加以有效開發(fā)利用，變廢為寶。雞腿菇（Coprinuscomatus）又名毛頭鬼傘，因肉質(zhì)似雞絲而得名，適應(yīng)能力極強(qiáng)，作為“天然、營養(yǎng)、保健\"三種機(jī)能于一體的16種珍稀食用菌之一，得到了大力推廣[1-]。筆者旨在探究草紅花秸稈的資源化利用，以期開發(fā)栽培雞腿菇的新型栽培基質(zhì)，擴(kuò)大原材料來源渠道，促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)效益和食用菌產(chǎn)業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。

1 材料與方法

1.1材料

雞腿菇：品種為特白36，由山東農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)院農(nóng)業(yè)微生物實(shí)驗(yàn)室提供。

草紅花秸稈：來自山東省東明縣武勝橋鎮(zhèn)。……