不同水氮調控對綠洲灌區膜下滴灌西瓜生長及產量的影響

中圖分類號：S651 文獻標志碼：A 文章編號：1673-2871（2025）06-101-08

Effects of different water and nitrogen regulation on the growth and yield of watermelon under mulch drip irrigation in irrigation area

LUO Shuanglong’， MA Zhongming2， XUE Liang'， WANG Zhiqi'， TANG Wenxue'，LIAN Caiyun ' （1.InstituteoflrtiledteviniceGucdefcalencou 2.GansuAcademyofAgriculturalSciences，Lanzhou 73oo7o，Gansu，China）

Abstract：Toclarifytheefectsofwater-nitrogensynergyonthegrowth，yield，quality，and wateruseefciencyof watermelonunderfilmmulchingdripiigationintheHexi Oasis IrigationDistrict，andtoseekandoptimizetheoptimal water andnitrogen supplyforeficientcultivationof watermelon intheirrigation district.Asplit-plotexperimental design was adopted. The main treatments set three soil moisture lower limits 50% 65% ，and 80% of the field water-holding capacity ofthe planned wettedlayersoil，respectively），and thesub-treatmentssetfournitrogenapplicationlevels（O，00，200， and 300kg?hm^-2） .The effects of different water-nitrogen regulations on the growth，yield，and quality of watermelon under film mulching drip irigation were studied.The results showed that when the nitrogen application rate was 200kg?hm^-2 ，it wasbeneficialtothegrowthanddrymateraccumulationof watermelon，and promotedtheformationof watermelon yieldand quality.Compared with other nitrogenapplication levels-thedry matter mass at the mature stage increased by 2.80% 13.30% ，and the soluble solid content，yield，and water use efficiency increased by O.12-0.61 percent point， 0.32%-7.57% ，and 1.57% 1 12.43% ，respectively. The yield of watermelon increased with the increase of the soil moisture lower limit， increasing significantly by 7.38%-17.97% ，compared with the 50% soil moisture lower limit.When the soil moisture lower limit was 65% of the field water-holding capacity and the nitrogen application rate was 200kg?hm^-2 ，the sugarcontent and water use efficiency of watermelon were the highest，being 11.00% and 229.05kg?hm^-2?mm^-1 ，respectively.Considering theyield，quality，and wateruse eficiencyof watermeloncomprehensively，asoilmoisturelowerlimit of 65% of the field water-holding capacity and a nitrogen application rate of 200kg?hm^-2 is the plan for efficient and grenproductionofopen-fieldwatermelonintheHexiOasis Irigation District.Bydetermining thesoilmoisturelowerlimit and nitrogen application range with 85% of the intersection of the maximum values of watermelon yield and soluble solid content， the soil moisture lower limit is 72.25%-75.02% ，and thenitrogenapplication range is 204.25-254.15kg?hm^-2 KeyWords：Watermelon; Chlorophyll; Yield; Water consumption; Nitrogen application level

河西綠洲灌區光熱資源豐富，晝夜溫差大，有利于果蔬等作物生長和糖分積累，是我國主要的瓜果生產基地。同時，區域水資源天然稟賦有限，降水量少且分布不均，氣候干燥、蒸發量大，農業生產中長期水資源匱乏的問題尤為突出。灌區作物生長高度依賴灌溉，而水資源短缺已成為制約該地區農業可持續發展的重要因素。缺水導致綠洲灌區農業灌溉用水緊張，作物產量受限，農民收入難以提高。在農業生產中普遍存在灌溉模式粗放、大水大肥現象突出、種植農戶科學灌溉與精準施肥意識淡薄、水肥資源浪費嚴重等現象。傳統灌溉施肥方式不僅限制了作物產量，生產的成本大，而且容易導致土壤鹽堿化、養分發生深層滲漏等問題，嚴重影響農田環境1]。因此，針對目前河西灌區水資源短缺及水肥利用率低的現狀，研發推廣高效節水灌溉技術和高效水肥管理策略，助推區域作物水肥高效利用和綠色可持續發展勢在必行。膜下滴灌水肥一體化技術將地膜覆蓋和滴灌技術相結合，可有效將水分和養分通過膜下鋪設的滴灌帶直接運輸到作物根部，實現灌水和施肥一體化管理，達到了節水、節肥、高效生產的目的2。目前，膜下滴灌水肥一體化技術已從最初的玉米、棉花等作物擴展到水果、蔬菜等作物，此外，在設施溫室、無土栽培等現代農業生產中也得到了廣泛應用和推廣。

西瓜作為一種世界廣泛種植的日常水果，富含碳水化合物和人類身體所需的維生素，口感佳，具有較高的經濟價值。……