中圖分類號:U463.4 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1003-8639(2025)06-0140-03
MotorControl Technology and Reliability Analysis in Electric Steering System of Automobil
Zhang Junyu
(Henan Vocational College of Water Conservancy and Environment,Zhengzhou 45ooo8,China)
【Abstract】As the electrificationand intelligence of vehicles accelerate,electric power steering(EPS)systems, as thecoreactuatorforvehicle handling safetyand driving experience,have becomea key technological area in new energy intellgentvehicles.Traditional mechanical hydraulicsteeringsystemssufferfromhighenergyconsumptionand delayed dynamicresponse.Current EPS systems face challenges such asnonlinear fluctuations inasstcharacteristics undercomplexoperatingconditions,multi-physics fieldcoupling interference,andupgraded functionalsafetyrequirements. The corecontradictionisreflected in thebalance between motorcontrolaccuracyand systemlong-termreliability.This papersystematicallyinvestigateskeytechnical issesrelatedtomotorcontrolandreliabilityassuranceinautomotive electric stering systems,aiming to provide theoretical support and practical models for the optimization andupgradeof intelligent electric vehicle safety architectures.
【Key Words】 electric steering;motor control;vehicle steering system
電動助力轉向系統(ElectricPowerSteering,EPS)作為替代傳統液壓裝置的核心電控執行機構,憑借其精準助力特性與能量回收能力,已成為提升車輛操控安全性與能效經濟性的關鍵載體。同時,智能駕駛等級向 L3+ 演進對轉向系統提出更嚴苛要求:一方面需實現轉向力矩的毫米級動態調節以保證車道保持與緊急避障功能;另一方面必須在高振動、寬溫域等復雜工況下維持十年以上的服役壽命。當前EPS技術發展面臨多重技術壁壘。控制層面上,轉向電機需在機械阻抗快速變化時仍保持轉矩輸出穩定性,而路面激勵的隨機性與駕駛行為的不確定性導致傳統PID控制難以保證全域工況下的助力平順性。可靠性維度上,EPS執行器長期承受交變機械應力與電力電子器件的熱應力耦合作用,易誘發傳感器漂移、繞組絕緣老化等潛在失效模式,而現有驗證方法多依賴標準測試工況,對實際復雜運行
環境的模擬仍有不足[2]。
1EPS系統架構及電機動力學模型
1.1系統組成與原理
EPS系統本質為傳感器-控制器-執行器的閉環伺服控制系統,其構成與功能見表1。

控制系統以扭矩傳感器信號為輸入基準,結合車速、轉向角等參數構建助力特性MAP圖,通過電流閉環調控實現可變助力比輸出。ECU同時監測電機繞組溫度、電源電壓等狀態參數,觸發過載降額或失效安全模式以保證功能完整性。
1.2 動力學建模
永磁同步電機在旋轉坐標系(d-q軸)下的動態方程為:……p>